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Master thesis . 2020
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Monitorização da transferência de imunidade passiva em vitelos

Authors: Toscano, Mariana Reininho Araújo;

Monitorização da transferência de imunidade passiva em vitelos

Abstract

Os vitelos nascem agamaglobulinémicos, o que os torna dependentes da ingestão de colostro para aquisição de imunoglobulinas (Igs) necessárias para combater os agentes infeciosos ambientais. Este fenómeno é designado por transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) e é fortemente reconhecido como um dos principais fatores que afeta a saúde e a sobrevivência dos vitelos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo monitorizar a TIP em vitelos e estimar a sua influência na morbilidade e mortalidade dos mesmos. O estudo foi efetuado em 146 vitelos de três raças diferentes de uma exploração leiteira, em Espanha, durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2019. Procedeu-se à monitorização da concentração de proteínas totais do soro (PTS) durante os primeiros 14 dias de vida e a mortalidade e morbilidade foram registadas durante esse período. As amostras de sangue foram recolhidas antes da ingestão de colostro, 48 horas após o nascimento, aos 7 dias e aos 14 dias de vida. A medição das PTS foi efetuada através de um refratómetro ótico e de um refratómetro digital Brix, tendo-se considerado como cutoff os valores de 5,2g/dL e 7,8%, respetivamente, para aceder à falha na transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP). A incidência de FTIP foi de 6,29% com o refratómetro digital, enquanto com o ótico não se verificou FTIP. A qualidade do colostro fornecido também foi monitorizada através do refratómetro digital, de forma a aferir a quantidade de Igs ingerida pelos vitelos quando bebem o colostro. Considerou-se o cutoff de 22% para aceder à qualidade do colostro, sendo que houve 37,7% de amostras de colostro de má qualidade. Porém, este estudo demonstrou que mesmo os vitelos que beberam o colostro de pior qualidade obtiveram bons níveis de PTS (98,1%, n=52), apesar da diferença não ser estatisticamente significativa (p≥0,05) e que, em média, os animais ingeriram uma quantidade adequada de Igs (201,5g). Estes resultados permitiram concluir que este efetivo com este maneio consegue garantir que a maioria dos vitelos adquire uma TIP adequada, levando a crer que tem um bom programa de encolostramento. Outros fatores também foram monitorizados, de forma a aferir a sua influência na TIP, tendo-se concluído que as diferentes raças dos vitelos também podem influenciar a concentração de PTS após a ingestão do colostro (p mortalidade e morbilidade verificadas neste estudo (2,11% e 5,04%, respetivamente), não foi possível aferir a influência da TIP na mortalidade e morbilidade do efetivo.

Calves are born agamaglobulinemic, which makes them dependent on the intake of colostrum for the acquisition of immunoglobulins (Igs) necessary to combat environmental infectious agents. This phenomenon is known as transfer of passive immunity (TPI) and is commonly recognized as a main factor affecting calf health and survival. This study aimed to monitor the TPI in calves and to estimate its influence on calf morbidity and mortality. The study was carried out on 146 calves from three different breeds on a dairy farm in Spain, during February and March of 2019. The total serum protein (TSP) concentration was monitored during the first 14 days of life and mortality and morbidity were recorded over that time period. Blood samples were collected before colostrum ingestion, 48 hours after birth, at 7 days and 14 days of age. The TSP measurement was performed using an optical refractometer and a Brix digital refractometer. The cutoff values were 5.2g/dL and 7.8%, respectively, to assess the failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). The incidence of FTPI was 6.29% with the digital refractometer, while with the optical one there was no FTPI. The quality of the provided colostrum was also monitored through the digital refractometer in order to gauge the amount of Igs ingested by calves when drinking colostrum. The cutoff of 22% was considered to assess colostrum quality, with 37.7% of poor quality colostrum samples. However, this study showed that even calves that drank the colostrum with the worst quality had good TSP levels (98.1%, n=52), although the difference was not statistically significant (p≥0,05) and that, on average, animals ingested adequate amounts of Igs (201,5g). These results led to the conclusion that this herd with this management can ensure that most calves acquire a proper TPI, leading to the belief that they have a good colostrum management program. Other factors were also monitored to assess their influence on TPI, and it was concluded that the different races of calves may also influence TSP concentration after colostrum ingestion (p<0.05). Due to the low mortality and morbidity rates observed in this study (2.11% and 5.04%, respectively), it was not possible to measure the influence of TPI on the mortality and morbidity of the herd.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária

Country
Portugal
Keywords

colostro, Vitelos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green