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Repositório da UTAD
Master thesis . 2018
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Avaliação de atividade muscular através de eletromiografia

Authors: Silva, Inês Filipa Vaz da;

Avaliação de atividade muscular através de eletromiografia

Abstract

O estudo do corpo humano tem vindo a tornar-se cada vez mais minucioso e detalhado graças, em parte, ao desenvolvimento de sensores e tecnologias de monitorização que permitem avaliar as mais pequenas alterações nos variados parâmetros do corpo humano. Um dos métodos que contribuiu para este avanço é a eletromiografia. A eletromiografia é uma técnica de monitorização da atividade elétrica das membranas excitáveis das células musculares, representando os potenciais de ação deflagrados por meio da leitura da tensão elétrica ao longo do tempo. O sinal EMG é captado com sensores (elétrodos) capazes de registar os potenciais de ação que ocorrem por meio da ativação voluntária do músculo ou por estimulação elétrica. O objetivo deste estudo centrou-se na avaliação de um novo sistema eletromiográfico (EMG) para monitorar a contração do músculo masséter para posteriores aplicações na área da odontologia, nomeadamente no diagnóstico da disfunção temporomandibular, monitorização de terapias ortodonticas e em problemas de má oclusão. Na presente dissertação apresentam-se circuitos elétricos onde o sinal analógico captado através dos elétrodos ´e convertido para o domínio digital para poder ser posteriormente processado por algoritmos computacionais que fazem a leitura e interpretação destes sinais. Para isso, certos parâmetros de aquisição foram especificados e escolhidos, nomeadamente o tipo de elétrodos, frequência de amostragem, amplificadores de instrumentação , filtros, conversão analógico/digital, além do equipamento de armazenamento de dados. A saída desta cadeia é a envolvente do sinal EMG que representa o potencial relativo à máxima contração muscular. Realizou-se ensaios práticos em coelhos que demonstram a viabilidade da solução proposta para o estudo da atividade eletromiográfica muscular

The study of the human body has become more detailed and meticulous thanks in part to the development of sensors and monitoring technologies that allow to evaluate the smallest changes of various parameters of the human body. One of the methods that contributed to this advancement is electromyography. Electromyography is a technique for monitoring the electrical activity of the excitable membranes of muscle cells, representing the action potentials triggered by the reading of the electrical voltage over time. The EMG signal is captured with sensors (electrodes) capable of recording the action potentials that occur through voluntary activation of the muscle or through electrical stimulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new electromyographic (EMG) system to monitor the contraction of the masseter muscle for later applications in dentistry, namely in the diagnosis of temporomandibular dysfunction, orthodontic therapy monitoring and malocclusion problems. In this dissertation electrical circuits are presented where the signal captured through the electrodes is an analog signal that is converted to the digital domain to be later processed by computational algorithms that read and interpret these signals. For this purpose, certain acquisition parameters were specified and chosen, namely the type of electrodes, sampling frequency, instrumentation amplifiers, filters, analog/digital conversion, and data storage equipment. Practical tests were performed on rabbits demonstrating the viability of the proposed solution for the study of muscular electromyographic activity.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Eletromiografia, neurofisiologia, circuitos analógicos, elétrodos, processamento de sinal, masséter

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green