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Master thesis . 2018
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Polimorfismo no gene hOGG1 (Ser326Cys): estudo do efeito do exercício físico no dano e na capacidade de reparação do DNA em humanos

Authors: Silva, Ana Inês Bento Fonseca e;

Polimorfismo no gene hOGG1 (Ser326Cys): estudo do efeito do exercício físico no dano e na capacidade de reparação do DNA em humanos

Abstract

O exercício físico está associado a um metabolismo aeróbio aumentado, o que pode resulta também no aumento da formação de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS). As ROS podem reagir com várias macromoléculas, nomeadamente com o ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA), causando quebras nas cadeias (DNA SBs) e uma variedade de bases modificadas. No entanto, o exercício físico regular está associado ao possível aumento da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e de reparação, levando a uma maior resistência ao stresse oxidativo. O gene humano 8-oxoguanina DNA glicosilase 1 (hOGG1) codifica uma enzima (OGG1) responsável por excisar o produto mais comum de danos oxidativos no DNA, a 8-oxoguanina (8-oxoG), através da via de reparação por excisão de bases. O polimorfismo no gene hOGG1 no codão 326 resulta na substituição de um aminoácido serina (Ser) (wild-type) por uma cisteína (Cys) (mutante) (Ser326Cys), tendo sigo sugerido que os portadores do alelo mutante possuem uma atividade de excisão da 8-oxoG inferior à dos indivíduos wild-type. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a possível influência do polimorfismo hOGG1 Ser326Cys nos danos e na capacidade de reparação do DNA em resposta a 16 semanas de exercício físico combinado em 56 indivíduos caucasianos (29 do sexo masculino e 27 do sexo feminino). O ensaio do cometa foi realizado em linfócitos e permitiu a avaliação dos danos do DNA, nomeadamente das DNA SBs e dos FPG-sensitive sites, e também da capacidade de reparação do DNA, avaliada através da atividade da OGG1. Os genótipos foram determinados através da metodologia Polimerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP). Os indivíduos Ser/Ser constituíram o grupo wild-type (n=35), enquanto que os restantes indivíduos Ser/Cys e Cys/Cys foram analisados em conjunto, constituindo o grupo mutante (n=21). Relativamente às diferenças existentes antes e após o exercício físico, no grupo wildtype os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa das DNA SBs e também dos FPGsensitive sites (p<0,001), enquanto no grupo mutante os resultados apresentaram uma diminuição significativa apenas das DNA SBs (p=0,027). Não foram observadas alterações significativas na capacidade de reparação do DNA em ambos os grupos. Este estudo piloto sugere que o polimorfismo Ser326Cys no gene hOGG1 pode influenciar os danos e a capacidade de reparação do DNA em resposta ao exercício físico regular.

Exercise is associated with an enhanced aerobic metabolism, which can also result in an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can react with several organic structures, namely with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), causing DNA strand breaks (DNA SBs) and a variety of modified bases in DNA. However, regular physical exercise has been associated with the possible increase in antioxidant and repair enzymes, leading to an enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 gene (hOGG1) encodes an enzyme (OGG1) responsible for removing the most common product of oxidative damage in DNA, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), through the base excision repair pathway. The genetic polymorphism of hOGG1 at codon 326 results in a serine (Ser) (wild-type) to cysteine (Cys) (mutant) amino acid substitution (Ser326Cys), and it has been suggested that the carriers of the mutant allele exhibit lower 8-oxoG excision activity than the wild-type. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the possible influence of hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism on DNA damage and repair activity in response to 16 weeks of combined physical exercise training in 56 healthy Caucasian individuals (29 males and 27 females). Comet assay was performed in lymphocytes and enabled the evaluation of DNA damage, both DNA SBs and FPG-sensitive sites, and also DNA repair, evaluated by OGG1 activity. The genotypes were determined by Polimerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method. The individuals with Ser/Ser genotype were considered as wild-type group (n=35), while Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes were analyzed together as mutant group (n=21). Regarding differences between pre and post-training in the wild-type group, the results showed a significant decrease in DNA SBs and also in FPG-sensitive sites s (p<0.001), while in the mutant group, the results only presented a significant decrease in DNA SBs (p=0.027). No significant changes in DNA repair activity were observed in both genotype groups. This pilot study suggests that hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism can influence DNA damage and repair activity in response to regular exercise training.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

reparação do DNA, stresse oxidativo, danos no DNA, exercício físico, polimorfismo hOGG1 Ser326Cys

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green