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Master thesis . 2017
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Mitigação de cheias em meio urbano

Authors: Ramalhão, Tarcísio Diogo Oliveira Vasconcelos de Azevedo;

Mitigação de cheias em meio urbano

Abstract

O crescimento demográfico verificado ao longo das últimas décadas teve como consequência direta o aumento da ocupação urbana das bacias hidrográficas. Este crescimento populacional trouxe consigo uma gradual impermeabilização dos solos, o que provoca nos territórios uma cada vez maior vulnerabilidade aos fenómenos de cheia rápida, devido à existência de eventos extremos de precipitação. A maior impermeabilização dos solos, aliada às crescentes alterações climáticas, é uma das principais causas de cheias em meio urbano, sendo uma das maiores problemáticas dos tempos modernos. Assim, torna-se urgente a adoção de medidas de mitigação que se adequem ao combate do risco de cheias em meio urbano, tendo em conta sistemas sustentáveis de gestão das águas e do solo. Nesta dissertação foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das cheias urbanas e os seus impactes e foram apresentadas algumas medidas de mitigação frequentemente aplicadas. Posteriormente foi usado um programa informático para estimar qual a influência da impermeabilização do solo no escoamento de águas pluviais no campus da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro na cidade de Vila Real, fazendo simulações e comparando resultados obtidos entre o cenário existente (real) e dois cenários de simulação extremos (um deles onde existe uma diminuição da permeabilidade do solo e o outro onde existe um aumento da permeabilidade), englobando vários parâmetros hidrológicos e biofísicos. Como seria de esperar, o escoamento superficial aumenta quando a impermeabilização aumenta. Quando são aplicadas medidas sustentáveis de mitigação de cheias em meio urbano, e consequentemente se verifica uma diminuição da impermeabilização, o escoamento superficial diminui, fazendo com que o risco de cheia urbana também diminua.

The demographic growth observed over the past decades had, as a direct consequence, the increase of urban occupation of the water basins. This population growth has brought with it a gradual soil sealing, which causes an increasing vulnerability to rapid floods episodes due to the existence of extreme precipitation events. A greater soil sealing, combined with increasing climate changes, is the major cause of flooding in urban areas, being one of the biggest problems of modern times. Thus, it is urgent to adopt mitigation measures that are appropriate to combat the risk of flooding in urban areas, according to sustainable management of water and soil systems. In this work was made a bibliographical revision about the urban floods and their impacts and some frequently applied mitigation measures were presented. Then, a computer program was used to estimate the influence of soil waterproofing on the flow of rainwater on the campus of the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro in the city of Vila Real, simulating and comparing results obtained between the existing scenario and two extreme simulation scenarios (one where there is a decrease in soil permeability and the other where there is an increase in permeability), encompassing several hydrological and biophysical parameters. As expected, surface runoff increases when waterproofing increases. When sustainable flood mitigation measures are applied in urban areas, and consequently there is a decrease in waterproofing, the runoff decreases, making the risk of urban flooding also decrease.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Precipitação atmosférica, Mitigação, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Escoamento, Drenagem, 004.42(043), 628.2(469.202)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green