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Estudo numérico da gaseificação a alta temperatura

Authors: Favas, José Miguel da Costa Fonseca Lopes;

Estudo numérico da gaseificação a alta temperatura

Abstract

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica O agravamento das alterações climáticas tem levado a uma grande procura de formas de energia alternativas mais limpas, assim como aumentar a eficiência de formas de energia atuais. Como solução para estes problemas a gaseificação apresenta bons resultados. Nesta dissertação desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional, recorrendo ao software Aspen Plus, para simulação do processo de gaseificação com e sem recurso de plasma. O modelo desenvolvido tem como base de funcionamento a minimização da energia de Gibbs para calcular os produtos da gaseificação. O modelo desenvolvido foi comparado com dados da literatura com resultados favoráveis atestando a sua veracidade. O modelo desenvolvido foi também sujeito a um estudo do processo de gaseificação para três tipos de biomassa: resíduos de floresta, vides e casca de café. Os parâmetros da gaseificação, como Razão de Equivalência, Rácio Vapor de Água/Biomassa e Temperatura do Gaseificador foram variados com o objetivo de obter frações molares para os constituintes do gás produto da gaseificação. Recorrendo ao mesmo modelo, a produção de hidrogénio através de gaseificação também foi estudada para os combustíveis referidos anteriormente de forma a se teorizar condições de funcionamento ideais. O Poder Calorífico Inferior do gás produzido para os diferentes parâmetros da gaseificação estudados foi teorizado. Os resultados obtidos vão de encontro aos resultados já alcançados noutros estudos. A Razão de Equivalência apresenta melhores resultados para valores deste entre 0,2 e 0,3. O Rácio Vapor de Água – Biomassa tem um grande impacto na formação de H2, quanto maior mais elevada é a fração de H2, mas com o consequente aumento de vapor de água no produto final. A variação da Temperatura do Gaseificador é também responsável pela alteração das frações molares do Syngas. Worsening climate changes are leading to a high demand for cleaner and alternative forms of energy, as well as increase the efficiency of current energy forms. As a solution to these problems gasification has shown good results. In this dissertation a computer model was developed, using the Aspen Plus software as a mean to simulate the gasification process with and without the use of plasma. The model has as base of operating the minimization of Gibbs free energy to calculate the gasification products. The validation of the developed model was performed by comparison with literature data showing good agreement. The model was also subjected to a study of the gasification process using three types of biomass, forest residues, vines pruning and coffee husks. The parameters of gasification, as Equivalence Ratio, Steam/Biomass Ratio and Gasifier Temperature were varied in order to obtain molar fractions of the constituents for the gasification product gas. Using the same model, hydrogen production via gasification was also studied for the above-mentioned biomasses in order to theorize the ideal operating conditions. The Lower Heating Value of the gas produced from the different studied gasification parameters was theorized. The results are in agreement with results obtained in other plasma gasification studies. The Equivalence Ratio to have shown the best results was 0,2 and 0,3. The Steam – Biomass Ratio has a large impact on the formation of H2, the higher the value is the higher the fraction of H2 will be, but with a consequent increase in water vapor in the final product. The gasifier temperature variation is also responsible for changing the molar fractions of Syngas.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Plasma, Modelo numérico, 004.4(043), Desenvolvimento sustentável, 621(043), Biomassa, Syngas, Gaseificação

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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