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Master thesis . 2017
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Urolitíase obstrutiva em pequenos ruminantes: um estudo retrospetivo

Authors: Sousa, Susana da Glória Fernandes de;

Urolitíase obstrutiva em pequenos ruminantes: um estudo retrospetivo

Abstract

A urolitíase é a causa mais frequente de doença do trato urinário em pequenos ruminantes. A obstrução urinária é mais comum nos machos castrados e envolve frequentemente a obstrução uretral. A crescente popularidade dos pequenos ruminantes como animais de produção e de companhia nos Estados Unidos da América reflete a necessidade de abordar as doenças que mais comummente afetam estes animais. Especificamente, a corrente tendência para mantê-los como animais de estimação e o aumento da incidência da urolitíase obstrutiva nestas populações devido a uma natureza multifactorial, aumenta a necessidade de melhorar os métodos de correção da urolitíase obstrutiva. Com o objetivo de determinar a pertinência clinica e novos avanços nesta área, um estudo retrospetivo foi realizado durante o período de 2010 a 2015. Foram revistas as fichas clinicas de 30 caprinos e 1 ovino, com diagnóstico de obstrução urinária, que se apresentaram no Large Animal Hospital do colégio de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade do Tennessee em Knoxville, nos Estados Unidos da América. Os animais estudados tinham diferentes idades e raças, eram maioritariamente castrados e alimentados com dietas inapropriadas. A incidência foi maior durante os meses de Janeiro e Julho. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentemente relatados incluíram: estrangúria, anorexia e desconforto abdominal. No exame físico a taquicardia e taquipneia foram um achado constante. O diagnóstico foi possível através da história, identificação animal (género e raça) e exame físico. Outros exames para confirmação do diagnóstico, como o estudo radiográfico e por ecografia, providenciaram informação adicional que foi valiosa no acesso à gravidade da condição, determinação da melhor abordagem cirúrgica e prognóstico. O tratamento médico foi vantajoso quando associado ao tratamento cirúrgico. A abordagem cirúrgica com o tubo de cistostomia ofereceu a melhor taxa de sucesso a longo prazo. A uretrostomia perineal e a marsupialização da bexiga foram frequentemente associadas a complicações pós-cirúrgicas inerentes. A uretrostomia perineal proximal modificada como técnica descrita recentemente parece ser promissora nos animais não requeridos para reprodução. Novas opções de tratamento estão em desenvolvimento e espera-se em breve a publicação dos resultados. A identificação do tipo de cálculos e a instituição de práticas dietéticas e de maneio que desencorajem a formação de cálculos urinários são importantes para o desenvolvimento de planos profiláticos a longo prazo.

Urolithiasis is the most frequent cause of urinary tract disease in small ruminants. The urinary obstruction is more common in castrated males and often involves urethral obstruction. The growing popularity of small ruminants as a production animal and pet in the United States reflects the need to address the common diseases affecting these animals. Specifically, the current trend to keep them as pets and the increased incidence of obstructive urolithiasis in these populations due to a multifactorial nature increased the need to improve the methods of correction of obstructive urolithiasis. In order to determine the clinical relevance and the new advances in this area a retrospective study was conducted during the period of 2010 to 2015. Clinical records of 30 goats and one sheep diagnosed with urinary obstruction, which performed at the Large Animal Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, in the United States of America, were reviewed. The studied animals had different ages and breeds, they were mostly castrated and fed with inappropriate diets. The incidence was higher during the months of January and July. The most frequently reported clinical signs included stranguria, anorexia and abdominal discomfort. On physical examination, tachycardia and tachypnea were common findings in the described cases. The diagnosis was made by history, signalment and physical examination. Further confirmatory diagnostic testing, i.e., radiographic and ultrasound, were used to assess the severity of the condition, determine the best surgical approach and estimate prognosis. Medical treatment was advantageous when combined with surgical treatment. The cystostomy tube procedure provided the best longterm success rate. The perineal urethrostomy and marsupialization of the bladder were frequently associated with inherent post-surgical complications. The modified proximal perineal urethrostomy, a recent technique, seems to be promising in non breeding animals. New treatment options are currently under development and the results are expected to be published soon. Identifying the type of calculi and the establishment of dietary and management practices that discourage calculi formation are important for a long-term prophylactic program.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Urolitíase, Obstrução uretral, Ovino, 636.3.09(043), Caprino, 616.62(043)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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