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Master thesis . 2016
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Caracterização de nano fibras de celulose, métodos de secagem e biodegradabilidade

Authors: Santana, João Pedro Teixeira da Rocha;

Caracterização de nano fibras de celulose, métodos de secagem e biodegradabilidade

Abstract

Com a mitigação do petróleo e a degradação do meio ambiente torna-se necessário a procura de novos materiais, amigos do ambiente, que permitam o contínuo avanço tecnológico e científico sem a deterioração do planeta. A presente investigação pretende contribuir para esta causa, analisando detalhadamente química e morfologicamente um material não tóxico, de extração não invasiva e proveniente da natureza, denominado nanocelulose. Ao identificar todas as propriedades básicas pretende-se estabelecer a fundação científica necessária para futuras aplicações no âmbito dos compósitos naturais. Sendo a nanocelulose um termo vasto, que representa diferentes tipos de materiais, que apesar de serem todos à escala nano e constituídos principalmente por celulose são diferentes em propriedades e em forma, tornou-se necessário a escolha de um, neste grupo, que satisfaça a motivação ambiental desta dissertação. A escolha recaiu sobre nano fibrilas de celulose devido à sua fácil obtenção a partir de um recurso natural abundante (biomassa) e devido à sua fácil e económica extração. Na caracterização das propriedades fundamentais foram utilizadas as técnicas: Microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (MEV), Energia dispersiva de espectroscopia de raios-X (EDS), Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelhos por Transformada de Fourirer (FTIR-IV e FTIR-ATR) e inoculação de fungos para teste de biodegradabilidade. Como as nano fibras de celulose possuem uma grande quantidade de água agregada do seu estado natural, estabeleceram-se dois métodos de secagem que permitiram a criação de diferentes formas geométricas fixas, possibilitando uma mais vasta gama de aplicações. O teste de biodegradabilidade permite conclusões finais sobre a forma mais eficiente e ambientalmente correta de qualquer aplicação ser descartada, quer na forma natural ou seca. Podendo o material no seu fim de vida servir como fertilizante natural para um determinado tipos de cultura agrícola.

With oil mitigation and environmental degradation it becomes necessary to search for new “green” materials that allow the continuous technological and scientific advancement without the planet deterioration. The present investigation desires to contribute for this cause, analysing with detail the chemical and morphological properties of a non-toxic material, that doesn´t require an invasive extraction and it´s abundant in nature, called nanocellulose. Through the identification of all the basic properties this project desires to lay the required scientific foundations for future applications within natural composites scope. Being nanocellulose a vast term that represents different materials that although all being at nano scale and primarily constituted of cellulose, are different in properties and in shape, it became necessary to choose one within this group that fulfils the environment motivation of this dissertation. The choice falls on cellulose nanofibrils due to natural abundance and easy and non-expensive extraction. In the search of the fundamental properties, various techniques were utilized: Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Xray diffraction (DRX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-IV, FTIR-ATR) and inoculation trough fungi. Because cellulose nanofibrils possess a great amount of free water in the natural state, two methods of drying were established that allows the creation of various forms and geometrical shapes, allowing a more vast range of applications. The biodegradability test allows final conclusion about the optimum way to discard any application in the more efficient and environmental correct manner, in any form, pulp or dried. With this properties the material may serve as natural fertilizer for various forms of crops.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Biodegradabilidade, Nanocelulose, 620.168(043), 662.6/.7(043), Celulose, Compósitos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green