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Hipercalcemia em animais de companhia

Authors: Alves, Sara Duarte de Queirós Moreira;

Hipercalcemia em animais de companhia

Abstract

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias A hipercalcemia é definida como um aumento da concentração sérica do cálcio total e/ou do cálcio ionizado, cuja importância está relacionada com o facto de ser um marcador de determinadas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e consolidar os conhecimentos relativos à hipercalcemia nos animais de companhia, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às várias etiologias e à abordagem diagnóstica. A origem da hipercalcemia pode ser classificada em causas não patológicas, transitórias e patológicas. Nesta dissertação, é dado destaque às etiologias patológicas devido a apresentarem maior importância clínica. No Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Tennessee, durante o estágio no serviço de Medicina Interna, foram acompanhados alguns casos clínicos de hipercalcemia. A seleção dos quatro casos incluídos nesta dissertação teve como objetivo eleger uma amostra com causas de hipercalcemia diferenciadas. O primeiro caso clínico diz respeito a hipercalcemia idiopática felina; o segundo refere-se a hipercalcemia secundária a hipoadrenocorticismo num cão; o terceiro aborda a hipercalcemia como síndrome paraneoplásica num cão; e, por último, é discutido um caso de hiperparatiroidismo secundário a insuficiência renal crónica num cão. Apesar de a hipercalcemia não ser uma alteração frequentemente observada nos animais de companhia, esta é mais comum em cães do que em gatos, o que se verifica igualmente pelos casos acompanhados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Tennessee. O diagnóstico da origem da hipercalcemia é geralmente um desafio devido à complexa fisiologia deste ião, contudo, o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas laboratoriais relativas à avaliação da homeostase do cálcio permitiu um melhor conhecimento e compreensão das suas causas. Um reconhecimento eficaz da hipercalcemia, através da história clínica, exame físico e exames complementares, é essencial para a instituição de uma terapêutica adequada de modo a prevenir a mineralização dos tecidos moles. Hypercalcaemia is defined as an increase of serum concentration of total calcium and /or ionized calcium, its importance being related to the fact that it is an important marker of some diseases. This dissertation aimed at developing and consolidating the knowledge in regards to hypercalcaemia in small animals, and mainly concerning the multiple etiologies and the diagnostic approach. The origin of hypercalcaemia may be classified in non-pathological, transitory and pathological causes. This dissertation highlights pathological etiologies, as these present a greater clinical importance. During the externship at the service of Internal Medicine of the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Tennessee some clinical cases of hypercalcaemia were accompanied. The selection of the four cases included in this dissertation aimed at electing a sample of differentiated causes of hypercalcaemia. The first clinical case regards feline idiopathic hypercalcaemia; the second one refers to secondary hypercalcaemia due to hypoadrenocorticism in a dog; the third case approaches hypercalcaemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a dog; lastly, a case of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure in a dog is discussed. Although hypercalcaemia is not a frequently observed alteration in small animals, it is more common in dogs than in cats, a fact that can equally be verified in the cases accompanied at the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Tennessee. The diagnosis of the origin of hypercalcaemia is usually a challenge, due to the complex physiology of this ion; however, the improvement of the laboratorial techniques concerning the evaluation of calcium homeostasis has allowed a better knowledge and understanding of its causes. An effective recognition of hypercalcaemia, by means of clinical history, physical and complementary exams, is essential to the definition of an adequate therapy in order to prevent the mineralization of soft tissue.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Animais de estimação, Etiologia, Abordagem diagnóstica, 616.1-08(043), Hipercalcemia, 636.7/.8.09(043)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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