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Repositório da UTAD
Master thesis . 2010
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Consolidação de abóbadas de alvenaria e cantaria

Authors: Martins, Pedro Miguel Pereira;

Consolidação de abóbadas de alvenaria e cantaria

Abstract

Neste trabalho é estudado o comportamento da cobertura abobadada, de berço, da Nave da Igreja de São Paulo (Capela Nova), em Vila Real, sujeita, para além do seu peso próprio, a uma sobrecarga regulamentar de 0,3KN/m2. Para isso, foi inicialmente efectuada uma pesquisa sobre qual o tipo de materiais usados na sua construção e qual a sua origem. O passo seguinte, e dada a impossibilidade da recolha de amostras do local em questão, foi a caracterização físico-mecânica dos materiais usados, pelo ensaio, em laboratório, à flexão e à compressão, de provetes com características semelhantes às dos materiais que compõem a estrutura.1 Os dados obtidos permitiram a calibração de um modelo virtual da abóbada, seguindo-se o seu cálculo pelo método dos elementos finitos. Os resultados obtidos revelam valores de deformação mais elevados na zona do fecho da abóbada. Indicam também que os maiores valores de momento flector se dão nas nervuras transversais ao eixo da abóbada situadas na zona dos rins. Os valores de esforço axial registados são maiores junto aos apoios e segundo a direcção perpendicular ao eixo da abóbada, sendo nulos nas zonas de membrana. As maiores tensões dão-se nas nervuras, a 1/3 da flecha. Foram realizados ensaios em provetes graníticos, oriundos das localidades de Relva e Gravelos, do mesmo dos usados na construção da abóbada, para determinar as características mecânicas dos mesmos. Para simular a alvenaria de tijolo cerâmico assente sobre as nervuras graníticas usaram-se valores de características mecânicas com base em dados disponibilizados por fabricantes. Faz-se menção a técnicas de concepção e construção de arcos e abóbadas em alvenaria e cantaria, em períodos arquitectónicos distintos. Consegue-se, deste modo, percepcionar a evolução sofrida por diferentes tipos de estrutura com o decorrer dos tempos e ainda compreender o desenvolvimento das patologias àquelas associadas. A capacidade que as estruturas abobadadas possuem para suportar carregamentos rigorosos está relacionada com a fissuração das mesmas. Chegou-se a algumas conclusões: o aumento do vão da estrutura, consequência do afastamento entre apoios, traduz-se por vezes em um incremento da componente horizontal do impulso transmitido pela estrutura abobadada; o tipo de perfil arqueado atribuído a uma estrutura influencia a capacidade desta para resistir a carregamentos – concentrados ou distribuídos.

The work here presented includes the study of the behaviour of the vaulted roof of the Nave of São Paulo's Church (Capela Nova) in Vila Real, acted by its own dead weight and a 0,3 KN/m2 regulatory overload. Thereunto, was adopted a shell element which represented the structure, using a finite elements method. This sort of simplified resentment of the structure allows reduced analysis periods against models using solid three-dimensional elements. The results show higher displacement values in the near the keystone's line and higher bending moment in the cross ribbs, in the spring line area. The maximum axial force results are located near the supports, along the direction perpendicular to the vault’s longitudinal axis, and are null in the infillings. The maximum tension values are located in the crossed ribbs, at 1/3 of the rise. Tests were made in granite samples from the villages of Relva and Gravelos, of the same kind that was used to build the church's vault, to verify its mechanical caracteristics. The data related to the ceramic brick masonry was based on that published by known manufacturers. Design and construction techniques of stone and ceramic brick masonry arches and vaults related to different architectural periods are also presented. Such knowledge is essential to understand the progress of the distinct structure typologies during centuries, and also some pathologies to them associated. The way a rigid masonry structural element allows displacements is by developing cracks. Some conclusions were reached: an arch on spreading supports leads to thrusts increase; the angular dimension of stone blocks does not significantly change the collapse load of arches; the geometry of an arch is important to the ability of a structure to resist to certain loading types (concentrated or distributed loads).

Dissertacao de Mestrado em Conservação e Reabilitação de Edifícios Históricos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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