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Repositório da UTAD
Master thesis . 2013
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Repositório da UTAD
Master thesis . 2013
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Caracterização citogenética de duas linhas celulares de cancro de bexiga e avaliação dos efeitos da cisplatina por citogenética, ensaio do cometa e quantificação de proteínas AgNOR

Authors: Filipe, Marco António Ramos da Silva;

Caracterização citogenética de duas linhas celulares de cancro de bexiga e avaliação dos efeitos da cisplatina por citogenética, ensaio do cometa e quantificação de proteínas AgNOR

Abstract

Dissertação de Mestrado em Biotecnologia para as Ciências da Saúde Mais de 90% dos tumores uroteliais surgem na bexiga, em que a forma mais comum é o carcinoma de células transicionais da bexiga (TCC). Apesar da sua natureza relativamente “benigna”, os TCCs superficiais possuem uma taxa de recaída até 70% dos casos, 10 a 15% dos quais, progridem para a forma músculo-invasiva da doença. O estudo in vitro com recurso a linhas celulares de cancro de bexiga apresenta-se assim como um modelo clínico valioso para a compreensão da doença, bem como, a investigação de fármacos antineoplásicos. Existem actualmente cerca de cinquenta linhas celulares de cancro de bexiga disponíveis, das quais fazem parte as linhas 5637 e MCR, respectivamente, de origem superficial e metastática. A cisplatina (cis-diaminodicloroplatina(II)), um composto platinado de acção alquilante, é um fármaco de ampla utilização no tratamento de diversos tipos de cancro, como é o caso do cancro da bexiga. As lesões predominantes são as ligações cruzadas do tipo intra-cadeia 1,2-d(GpG), que levam ao bloqueio da transcrição, replicação e reparação do DNA. O objectivo do presente trabalho centrou-se, numa primeira fase, na utilização de várias técnicas de citogenética clássica e molecular no estudo das principais alterações cromossómicas associadas às linhas celulares 5637 e MCR. E, numa segunda fase, na avaliação do efeito da cisplatina sobre estas mesmas linhas ao nível das lesões no DNA e da actividade proliferativa, integrando a citogenética, o ensaio do cometa e a quantificação morfométrica das proteínas AgNOR. Foi possível identificar várias alterações cromossómicas, em ambas as linhas celulares, que foram descritas pela primeira vez, assim como, esclarecer algumas que apenas haviam sido parcialmente descritas na literatura. A exposição à cisplatina deu origem a várias aberrações cromossómicas como quebras de cromátides, formação de cromossomas radiais, cromossomas pulverizados, placas metafásicas condensadas e cromossomas minute e double minute. Foi ainda possível verificar, com o ensaio do cometa, um efeito significativo das ligações cruzadas induzidas pela cisplatina na linha celular 5637 (p < 0,01), para além de uma redução altamente significativa da actividade proliferativa em ambas as linhas (p < 0,001), caracterizada essencialmente pela drástica diminuição da marcação AgNOR. Através da combinação das várias técnicas utilizadas foi possível concluir que a linha celular mais afectada pelos efeitos genotóxicos da cisplatina foi a linha superficial 5637. More than 90% of all urothelial tumors originate on the bladder, being the bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) the most common form. Despite of its relative “benign” nature, superficial TCCs have a relapsing rate up to 70%, 10 to 15% of which progress to the muscle-invasive form of the disease. The in vitro study using bladder cancer cell lines presents itself as a valuable clinical model to understand the disease, as well in the research of antineoplastic drugs. There are presently around fifty bladder cancer cell lines available, such as the 5637 and MCR cell lines, respectively of superficial and metastatic origin. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)), a platinated compound of alkylating action, is a drug of wide application on the treatment of several types of cancer, such as the bladder cancer. The predominant lesions are the intrastrand crosslinks 1,2-d(GpG), which leads to the arrest of DNA transcription, replication and repair. The objective of the present work focused, in an initial stage, on the study of the main chromosomal alterations found in 5637 and MCR cell lines by application of several classic and molecular cytogenetic techniques. And after this, on the evaluation of the cisplatin effect over these cell lines, at the level of DNA lesions and proliferative activity, integrating cytogenetics, the comet assay, and the morphometric quantification of AgNOR proteins. It was possible to identify several chromosomal alterations on both cell lines, some of which were described for the first time, as well to clarify some alterations that had already been partially described in the literature. Cisplatin exposure gave rise to several chromosomal aberrations such as chromatid breaks, radial chromosome formation, pulverized chromosomes, condensed metaphase plates and minute and double minute chromosomes. It was also possible to verify a significant effect of the cisplatin-induced crosslinks in 5637 cell line with the comet assay (p < 0,01), in addition to an extremely significant decrease of the proliferative activity in both cell lines (p < 0,001), mainly characterized by a drastic reduction of the AgNOR staining. Through the combination of the several employed techniques, it was possible to conclude that the 5637 superficial cell line was the most affected by the genotoxic effects of cisplatin.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

AgNOR, 5637, Ensaio cometa, 575.22(043), Cisplatina, MCR, Citogenética, Bexiga, 576.38(043), Cancro

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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