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A célula: unidade na constituição dos seres vivos

Authors: Teixeira, Maria Cristina Ferreira;

A célula: unidade na constituição dos seres vivos

Abstract

A célula representa a menor porção de matéria viva dotada da capacidade de auto-duplicação independente. São as unidades estruturais e funcionais dos organismos vivos. Podem ser comparadas aos tijolos de uma casa. Cada tijolo seria como uma célula. Alguns organismos, tais como as bactérias, são unicelulares (consistem em uma única célula). Outros organismos, tais como os seres humanos, são multicelulares. A teoria da célula, desenvolvida primeiramente em 1839 por Matthias Jakob Schleiden e por Theodor Schwann, indica que todos os organismos são compostos por uma ou mais células. Todas as células provêm de células preexistentes. As funções vitais de um organismo ocorrem dentro das células, e todas elas contêm informação genética necessária para funções de regulação e transmissão da informação para a geração seguinte. Com a elaboração desta tese de dissertação pretendeu-se aprender um pouco mais sobre a célula e a sua importância na constituição de todos os seres vivos. Procurou-se numa parte inicial, reunir de forma sintética e selectiva informação sobre a célula a nível estrutural e funcional. Numa parte intermédia, dedicada ao estudo da microscopia, fez-se uma breve abordagem da sua história e descreveu-se de forma mais detalhada a constituição e funcionamento do microscópio óptico comum, dado ser o utilizado nos laboratórios das Escolas Preparatórias em Portugal e ao qual os professores de Ciências da Natureza recorrem nas aulas dedicadas à unidade didáctica sobre a célula. No final foram reunidos alguns protocolos práticos de simples realização e adequados a este nível de ensino, de modo a que as aulas práticas da disciplina de Ciências da Natureza possam gerar um maior interesse e motivação, tanto para os alunos como para o professor.

The cell represents the lower portion of living matter given the ability of independent self-duplication. They are the structural and functional units of living organisms. They can be compared to the bricks of a house. Each brick would be like a cell. Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular (consisting of a single cell). Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular. The theory of the cell, first developed in 1839 by Jakob Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, indicates that all organisms are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from existing cells. The vital functions of an organism happen within the cells and they all contain genetic information required for functions of regulation and transmission of information to the next generation. It was the purpose of this dissertation to learn a little more about the cell and its importance in the formation of all living beings. In a first step, there has been an effort to briefly and selectively gather information about the structure and function of the cell. In an intermediate stage, dedicated to the study of microscopy, it was made a brief approach on its history and also a detailed description of the optical common microscope’s constitution and functioning, once it is the one being used at the Portuguese Schools’ laboratories and the one which teachers of Science use in class when teaching about the cell. Finally, some practical protocols of simple achievement and appropriate for this level of education were gathered, so that the practical Science lessons can generate greater interest and motivation, both for students and for the teacher.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Motivação, 576.3, Ensino das ciências biológicas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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