The resin extraction from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is an ancient activity that has historically provided additional and periodic income to forest owners in Portugal. However, the lack of modernization in resin extraction, coupled with a shortage of labour in rural areas, and the availability of artificially synthesized raw materials competing with natural resin or resin from other countries at more competitive prices, has undermined resin exploration in our country. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in this activity, sparking renewed research into resin extraction to find new solutions that make it a more sustainable, profitable, and appealing activity for younger populations. It is in this context that the work presented in this dissertation arises, aiming to understand whether resin extraction has a positive or negative effect on the maritime pine's response to attacks by biotic and abiotic agents. Thus, the difference in the intensity of attacks by the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff.) was studied over two consecutive years in resin--extracted and non-extracted stands in the Alto Tâmega region. Based on registered resin--extracted areas in the Resineiros Vigilantes program, an attempt was made to determine whether these areas were less susceptible to rural fires. The results proved inconclusive and of limited robustness, as the sample size was small, and the processionary moth infestation in the study region was mild in both years. Nevertheless, a weak relationship between resin extraction and processionary moth incidence was observed, with resin extraction representing 3,3% of the variation of the total number of nests, as well as a lower susceptibility to the passage of fires in resin-extracted stands.