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Desenvolvimento de métodos para a identificação de propriedades mecânicas em tecidos de origem vegetal

Authors: Araújo, Rafael Monteiro;

Desenvolvimento de métodos para a identificação de propriedades mecânicas em tecidos de origem vegetal

Abstract

A aparência dos frutos é um aspeto bastante importante para a indústria agroalimentar. O surgimento de fissuras na pele dos frutos tem implicado perdas económicas significativas no setor. A pele dos frutos está sujeita a um campo de tensões bastante complexo ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, amadurecimento, colheita e armazenamento. O presente trabalho incidiu no desenvolvimento de métodos para a determinação de propriedades mecânicas na pele dos frutos. O fruto escolhido para a realização dos trabalhos experimentais foi a maçã, uma vez que se trata de um produto com elevada relevância económica no país e de fácil acesso. Neste trabalho foram usadas três cultivares Golden Delicious, Starking e Reineta, tendo em consideração a disponibilidade do produtor. O trabalho experimental passou pela realização de ensaios de penetração e de tração em amostras do mesmo fruto. Os resultados indicam que não existe qualquer relação entre os parâmetros, carga máxima e rigidez, medidos a partir dos dois ensaios. Foram realizados ensaios de tração em regime de carga e descarga, estes ensaios indicaram que este material exibe um comportamento hiperviscoelástico para certos valores de carga, a partir desses valores o material não recupera a rigidez inicial o que sugere a presença de dano e que este material pode ser considerado elastoplástico. Os ensaios de tração com correlação digital de imagem foram realizados nos três cultivares imediatamente após a colheita tendo sido possível identificar o módulo de elasticidade e o coeficiente de Poisson de cada um dos grupos de amostras. No sentido de caracterizar o comportamento viscoelástico foram ainda realizados ensaios de relaxação. Sendo possível afirmar que a lei de potência permite uma boa reprodução do comportamento observado, não apresentando diferenças significativas entre as cultivares Golden Delicious e Reineta.

The appearance of fruit is an important aspect of the agri-food industry. The appearance of cracks in fruit skin has led to significant economic losses in the sector. Fruit skin is subject to a complex range of stresses throughout its development, ripening, harvesting, and storage. This work focussed on developing methods for determining the mechanical properties of fruit skin. The fruit chosen for the experimental work was the apple since it is a product of great economic importance in the country and is easily accessible. Three cultivars were used in this work: Golden Delicious, Starking, and Reineta, considering the producer's availability. The experimental work included penetration and tensile tests on samples of the same fruit. The results indicate that there is no relationship between the parameters, maximum load, and rigidity, measured from both tests. Tensile tests were carried out under loading and unloading conditions. These tests indicated that this material exhibits hyper-viscoelastic behaviour for certain load values, after which the material does not recover its initial stiffness, which suggests the presence of damage and that this material can be considered elastoplastic. Tensile tests with digital image correlation were carried out on the three cultivars immediately after harvesting and it was possible to identify the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of each of the groups of samples. To characterize the viscoelastic behaviour, relaxation tests were also carried out. It can be said that the power law provides a good reproduction of the observed behaviour, with no significant differences between the Golden Delicious and Reineta cultivars.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Correlação digital de imagem, Engenharia e Tecnologia - Engenharia Mecânica, Ensaios mecânicos, Materiais vegetais, Ensaios de tração, Propriedades mecânicas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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