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Estudo laboratorial da variação sazonal do comportamento do fogo em folhada de árvores caducifólias

Authors: Nóbrega, Carolina José Martins;

Estudo laboratorial da variação sazonal do comportamento do fogo em folhada de árvores caducifólias

Abstract

Os incêndios rurais constituem um dos principais obstáculos à sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas, nomeadamente florestais. Portugal é dos países mais afetados pelos fogos rurais no Sul da Europa. O comportamento do fogo na floresta é influenciado pelos combustíveis de superfície, cujas características físicas e químicas se espera que variem ao longo do ano. Este estudo foi planeado de forma a analisar o comportamento do fogo, nomeadamente a sua velocidade de propagação, em folhada de árvores caducifólias, de forma a aumentar o conhecimento existente. Durante um ano foram realizadas queimas em laboratório de folhada de carvalho-alvarinho (Quercus robur), avaliando os efeitos das condições meteorológicas e o estado da folhada na velocidade de propagação do fogo. Adicionalmente, efetuaram-se queimas comparativas simultâneas em Q. robur, Q. pyrenaica, Castanea sativa e Betula pubescens. O conjunto de dados foi analisado estatisticamente e ajustados modelos descritivos da velocidade de propagação do fogo em folhadas de árvores de folha caduca. O modo de condução do fogo, a altura do ano e as condições meteorológicas, nomeadamente a humidade do ar, revelaram-se as variáveis que mais influenciam o comportamento do fogo nos ensaios. Verificou-se uma clara diminuição da velocidade de propagação do fogo ao longo do tempo, acompanhando as alterações estruturais verificadas na folhada e resultantes da sua decomposição. Também se verificou uma grande variabilidade da velocidade de propagação entre espécies, sendo que a Castanea sativa apresentou as maiores velocidades de propagação do fogo e a Betula pubescens as menores. O estudo sugere que a redução do comportamento de incêndios de verão em bosques caducifólios é, em parte, explicada pela avançada decomposição da folhada nessa época.

Wildfires are one of the main obstacles to the sustainability of ecosystems, particularly forests. Portugal is one of the countries most affected by wildfires in Southern Europe. Fire behavior in the forest is influenced by surface fuels, whose physical and chemical characteristics are expected to vary throughout the year. This study was designed to analyze fire behavior, namely its rate of fire spread, in deciduous species litter, to increase existing knowledge. For one year, laboratory fires were carried out on oak litter of Quercus robur, assessing the effects of weather conditions and litter condition on the rate of fire spread. In addition, simultaneous comparative burns were carried out on Q. robur, Q. pyrenaica, Castanea sativa and Betula pubescens. The data set was statistically analyzed, and rate of fire-spread descriptive models were fitted for the deciduous species. The way in which the fire is conducted, the time of year and the weather conditions, particularly relative humidity, were the variables that most influenced fire behavior in these experiments. There was a clear decrease in the rate of fire spread over time, in line with the structural changes in litter resulting from its decomposition. There was also great variability in the rate of fire spread between species, with Castanea sativa having the highest rate of fire spread and Betula pubescens the lowest. The study suggests that the reduction in summer fire behavior in deciduous forests is partly explained by the advanced decomposition of litter at that time.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Quercus, modelação, combustível florestal, comportamento do fogo, velocidade de propagação, Ciências Agrárias - Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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