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Efeitos das substâncias psicoativas quirais na minhoca Eisenia fetida

Authors: Pinto, Vera Luísa Brízido;

Efeitos das substâncias psicoativas quirais na minhoca Eisenia fetida

Abstract

O estudo de substâncias psicoativas e a avaliação dos seus efeitos no meio terrestre é importante para a ecologia do solo e saúde humana. O consumo recreativo de substâncias psicoativas leva a excreção dessas substâncias e seus metabólitos pela urina podendo chegar aos solos agrícolas pela utilização de lamas de ETARs usadas como fertilizantes. A metafedrona (3-MMC), é uma substância psicoativa recente e, por isso, existem poucos estudos sobre os seus efeitos tóxicos nos organismos terrestres. Devido ao aumento do seu consumo e à sua possível presença no solo, torna-se importante avaliar os seus efeitos nos organismos edáficos, nomeadamente na em anelídeos, como as minhocas. As minhocas da espécie Eisenia fetida são muito utilizadas em estudos ecotoxicológicos, visto que estes invertebrados são importantes bioindicadores do solo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da 3-MMC no comportamento e reprodução da E. fetida. Para o ensaio de comportamento, foi avaliado o comportamento de evitamento de minhocas adultas expostas a um solo com presença de diferentes concentrações de 3- MMC (25, 250 e 2500 µg/kg) durante 48 horas de exposição. Para o ensaio de reprodução, as minhocas adultas foram expostas ao longo de 28 dias às mesmas concentrações de 3- MMC. Após este período, as minhocas adultas foram retiradas das caixas e depois de mais 28 dias foram contados os juvenis eclodidos. Não foram observados efeitos estatisticamente significativos tanto no comportamento de evitamento como na reprodução de minhocas adultas expostas a 3- MMC. No ensaio de reprodução para a concentração de 2500 µg/kg, observou-se um ligeiro aumento do número de juvenis, no entanto este aumento não foi significativo face às restantes concentrações. Assim sendo, podemos concluir que a metafedrona a concentrações iguais ou inferiores a 2500 µg/kg não afetou o comportamento nem a reprodução da E. fetida, sendo assim podemos considerar que não haverá efeitos negativos nas populações de minhocas no seu habitat natural expostas a 3-MMC. Seria também interessante estudar no futuro os efeitos da 3-MMC noutros organismos do solo como colêmbolos, enquitreídeos e acáros pois são também bioindicadores importantes do solo e considerar também tempos de exposição maiores de forma a tentar simular a exposição crónica.

The study of psychoactive substances and the evaluation of their effects on the terrestrial environment is important for soil ecology and human health. The consumption of psychoactive substances leads to the release of these substances and their metabolites that can, after being excreted, reach agricultural soils through the use of sewage sludge used as fertilizers. Metaphedrone (3-MMC) is a recent psychoactive substance on the market, and therefore studies on its toxic effects on ecosystems and terrestrial organisms are scarce. Due to the increase in its consumption and its possible presence in the soil, it is important to evaluate Metaphedrone toxicity on soil organisms. Eisenia fetida earthworms are widely used in ecotoxicological studies, as they are important soil bioindicators. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of 3- MMC on the avoidance behavior and reproduction of E. fetida. For the behavior test, the avoidance behavior of adult earthworms exposed to a soil with different concentrations of 3-MMC (25, 250 and 2500 µg/kg) for 48 hours was evaluated. For the reproduction assay, adult earthworms were exposed over 28 days to the same concentrations of 3-MMC. After this period, the adult earthworms were removed from the boxes and after another 28 days the hatched juveniles were counted. No statistically significant effects were observed on either avoidance behavior or reproduction of adult earthworms exposed to 3-MMC. In the reproduction test for the concentration of 2500 µg/kg, there was a slight increase in the number of juveniles, however, this increase was not significant compared to the other concentrations. Therefore, we can conclude that Metaphedrone in low concentrations does not affect the behavior and reproduction of E. fetida and we can consider that there will be no negative effects on earthworm populations in their natural habitat exposed to 3-MMC. It would also be interesting to study in the future the effects of 3-MMC on other soil organisms such as springtails, enchytraeids and mites as they are also very important bioindicators for soil ecosystems.

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto douro para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Bioquímica

Country
Portugal
Keywords

substâncias psicoativas, ecotoxicologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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