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HPV: o impacto no bem-estar psicossocial

Authors: Moreira, Maria Helena Freitas;

HPV: o impacto no bem-estar psicossocial

Abstract

Introdução: O Vírus do Papiloma Humano é a infeção sexualmente transmissível mais comum a nível mundial, sendo responsável por um elevado número de infeções, que na maioria das vezes são assintomáticas e de regressão espontânea. Devido ao seu potencial carcinogénico pode levar a um elevado número de cancros, entre eles, os cancros ginecológicos. Além das sequelas físicas, está associado a inúmeras sequelas psicossociais. Objetivos: A pesquisa pretendeu avaliar o impacto da infeção por HPV no bem-estar psicossocial das mulheres, a partir da tradução, adaptação e validação da Escala HPV Impact Profile, e analisar a associação entre os diferentes dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e o impacto da infeção por HPV no bem-estar psicossocial das mulheres. Metodologia: Estudo de caráter quantitativo, exploratório-correlacional e transversal. Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência, constituída por 167 mulheres inscritas na consulta de Patologia do Colo do Útero do Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, de idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 65 anos que já tinham iniciado a sua vida sexual e com tipagem de HPV positiva nos últimos 6 meses. Como instrumento de recolha de dados, usamos um formulário composto por duas partes: caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica e a escala HPV Impact Profile. Resultados: Relativamente às características da amostra, a média de idade das participantes é de 43,25 anos, 39,5% é casada, a maioria possui um rendimento familiar mensal inferior a 1000 euros, iniciou a atividade sexual entre os 15-19 anos e teve múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Cerca de metade da amostra apresentou resultado do Papanicolaou Anormal e resultado do teste HPV positivo para Outros HPV de alto risco (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 e 68). Apenas uma pequena percentagem referiu utilizar preservativo, possuir doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e condilomas/verrugas genitais. A amostra revelou, ainda, ser instruída. Os resultados revelaram que a infeção por HPV produz um impacto moderado no bem-estar psicossocial das participantes e que apenas as variáveis Grupo Étario, Grau de Escolaridade e Atividade Sexual têm influência sobre esse impacto. As mulheres sexualmente ativas demonstraram ser as menos afetadas e embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os diferentes grupos, as médias parecem sugerir que as mulheres mais velhas e as mais instruídas também são as que menos padecem. O domínio mais afetado pelo impacto foi o Domínio 1 – “Preocupações”, e o menos afetado foi o Domínio 5 – “Interação com médicos”. Conclusões: A infeção por HPV provou ter um impacto considerável no bem-estar psicossocial, o que realça a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de apoio junto destas mulheres.

Introduction: The Human Papilloma Virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, being responsible for a high number of infections, which in most cases are asymptomatic and spontaneous regression. Due to its carcinogenic potential, it can lead to a high number of cancers, including gynecological cancers. In addition to physical sequelae, it is associated with numerous psychosocial sequelae. Objectives: The research aimed to assess the impact of HPV infection on the psychosocial well-being of women, based on the translation, adaptation and validation of the HPV Impact Profile Questionnaire, and to analyze the association between different sociodemographic and clinical data and the impact of infection by HPV in the psychosocial well-being of women. Methodology: Quantitative, exploratory-correlational and cross-sectional study. A convenience sample was used, consisting of 167 women enrolled in the Cervical Pathology consultation of the Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro, aged between 21 and 65 who have already started their sexual life and with positive HPV typing in the last 6 months. As a tool for data collection, we used a form composed of two parts: sociodemographic and clinical characterization and the HPV Impact Profile scale. Results: Regarding the characteristics of the sample, the average age of the participants is 43.25 years, 39.5% are married, most have a monthly family income of less than 1000 euros, started sexual activity between 15-19 years and had multiple sexual partners. About half of the sample showed abnormal Pap smear results and a positive HPV test result for “Other highrisk HPV (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68)”. Only a small percentage reported using condoms, having sexually transmitted diseases and having genital warts/condyloma. The sample also revealed to be instructed. The results revealed that HPV infection has a moderate impact on the participants psychosocial well-being and that only the variables Age Group, Education Level and Sexual Activity have an influence on this impact. Sexually active women proved to be the least affected and although no statistically significant differences were found between the different groups, the averages seem to suggest that older and more educated women are also the least affected. The domain most affected by the impact was Domain 1 - “Concerns”, and the least affected was Domain 5 - “Interaction with doctors”. Conclusions: HPV infection has proven to have a considerable impact on psychosocial wellbeing, which highlights the need to develop support strategies with these women.

Dissertação de candidatura ao grau de Mestre em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstetrícia do Consórcio Instituto Politécnico de Bragança/ Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo/ Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

Country
Portugal
Keywords

HPV, Bem-estar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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