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Caracterização fenólica e atividade antioxidante de flores comestíveis

Authors: Porto, Ramon da Costa;

Caracterização fenólica e atividade antioxidante de flores comestíveis

Abstract

Utilizadas no seu estado natural ou após processamento, as plantas aromáticas e medicinais (PAM) têm vindo a ser alvo de um interesse e procura crescente em Portugal, não só por produtores, mas também pelos seus consumidores. Aliado ao seu valor ornamental, as PAM apresentam diversas propriedades biológicas, que se tornam determinantes para um vasto número de aplicações terapêuticas, bem como ao nível das indústrias farmacêuticas, alimentar, de cosmética e perfumaria. As flores comestíveis fazem parte da alimentação humana há séculos, e ao longo dos anos o homem vem aprendendo a utilizar as plantas em seu benefício próprio, tendo em conta as várias espécies já conhecidas e utilizadas há séculos por vários povos ao redor do mundo, como intensificadores de aroma, como fornecedores de sabor doce aos pratos ou bebidas, saladas, e sobremesas e pelas suas propriedades terapêuticas, nomeadamente no tratamento de várias patologias, apresentando função analgésica, calmante, cardíaca, respiratória e antioxidante. No presente trabalho foram estudadas cinco espécies de flores comestíveis Calêndula, Amores Perfeitos, Rosa de Santa Teresinha, Flor de Brócolos, Gerânio Rosa, obtidas numa empresa local (Ervas Finas), com o objetivo de as comparar relativamente à sua composição fitoquímica e atividade antioxidante de forma a potencializar a aplicabilidade destas plantas nas indústrias anteriormente referidas. Para tal, determinou-se o teor em compostos fenólicos nomeadamente ortodifenóis, flavonoides, e fenóis totais e determinou-se a atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de DPPH e ABTS e atividade antioxidante pelo método de FRAP. Verificou-se que a amostra de Rosa de Santa Teresinha no estágio fenológico intermédio foi a flor que apresentou o maior teor em composição fenólica para ortodifenóis (171,54 ± 4,55 mg AG g-1 ps) e fenóis totais (82,06 ± 1,80 mg AG g-1 ps). O Gêranio Rosa foi a espécie que apresentou um dos maiores valores para a capacidade antioxidante pelos métodos ABTS (0,92 ± 0,11 mmol Trolox g -1 ps), DPPH (0,97± 0,007 mmol Trolox g -1 ps) e FRAP (0,84 ± 0,04 mmol Trolox g -1 ps). Além disso, a flor de brócolos é a espécie que apresentou menor capacidade antioxidante pelos métodos ABTS (0,14 ± 0,00 mmol Trolox g -1 ps), DPPH (0,05 ± 0,00 mmol Trolox g -1 ps) e FRAP (0,08 ± 0,006 mmol Trolox g -1 ps). Assim, perante os resultados deste trabalho, as flores que apresentaram maior capacidade antioxidante e os teores mais elevados em compostos fenólicos foram a Rosa de Santa Teresinha e os Amores Perfeitos e, portanto, aquelas que podem apresentar maior potencial terapêutico.

Used in their natural state or after processing, aromatic and medicinal plants (PAM) have been the target of growing interest and demand in Portugal, not only by producers, but also by their consumers. Allied to its ornamental value, PAMs have several biological properties, which are decisive for a vast number of therapeutic applications, as well as in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and perfumery industries. Edible flowers have been part of human nutrition for centuries, and over the years man has learned to use plants for their own benefit, taking into account the various species already known and used for centuries by various peoples around the world, such as aroma enhancers, as suppliers of sweet flavor to dishes or drinks, salads, and desserts and for their therapeutic properties, namely in the treatment of various pathologies, presenting analgesic, calming, cardiac, respiratory and antioxidant functions. In the present work, five species of edible flowers Calendula, Pansies, Rosa de Santa Teresinha, Flower of Broccoli, Gerânio Rosa, obtained from a local company (Fine Herbs), were studied in order to compare them in relation to their phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity in order to enhance the applicability of these plants in the aforementioned industries. For this purpose, the content of phenolic compounds was determined, namely ortho-diphenols, flavonoids, and total phenols, and the antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods and the antioxidant activity by the FRAP method. It was found that the sample of Rosa de Santa Teresinha in the intermediate phenological stage was the flower that presented the highest content in phenolic composition for ortho-diphenols (171.54 ± 4.55 mg AG g -1 Dry Weight) and total phenols (82 .06 ± 1.80 mg AG g -1 DW). Geranio Rosa was the specie that presented one of the highest values for antioxidant capacity by the ABTS (0.92 ± 0.11 mmol Trolox g -1 DW DPPH (0.97 ± 0.007 mmol Trolox g -1 DW) and FRAP (0.84 ± 0.04 mmol Trolox g -1 DW). In addition, the broccoli flower is a species that has lower antioxidant capacity by the ABTS (0.14 ± 0.00 mmol Trolox g-1 DW), DPPH (0.05 ± 0.00 mmol Trolox g-1 DW) methods and FRAP (0.08 ± 0.006 mmol Trolox g-1 DW). Thus, considering the results of this work, the flowers that dissipate the greatest antioxidant capacity and the highest levels of phenolic compounds were Rosa de Santa Teresinha and Amores Perfeitos, and therefore, those that may have greater therapeutic potential.

Dissertação de Mestrado Bioquímica

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Compostos fenólicos, Ciências Naturais - Ciências Químicas, capacidade antioxidante, atividade biológica, flores comestíveis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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