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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2020
License: CC BY NC SA
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Estimación da densidade no plano

Authors: Bugallo Porto, María;

Estimación da densidade no plano

Abstract

[GL] A estimación da densidade é un problema que xorde co obxectivo de coñecer como é a concentración dunha poboación a partir dunha mostra da mesma. Neste TFG abordaremos a estimación non paramétrica da densidade, permitindo así que a función a estimar adopte case calquera forma posible, sen máis que esixir que sexa unha densidade. Comezando co caso unidimensional para, posteriormente, centrarnos no caso bidimensional, presentaremos e analizaremos o estimador histograma e o estimador tipo núcleo. Con ese fin introduciremos diferentes criterios de erro e métodos de selección dos parámetros de suavizado de cada un dos estimadores, así como da función núcleo no segundo deles. Diferentes exemplos simulados con datos procedentes de densidades coñecidas axudan amostrar os distintos resultados teóricos así como proporcionan representacións gráficas de gran utilidade para a compresión do traballo. Para finalizar, ilustraranse as ideas expostas sobre dous conxuntos de datos reais. O primeiro deles analízase a medida que se desarrolla a teoría e está relacionado coas erupcións dun geyser nos Estados Unidos. O segundo corresponde coas posicións dos niños de avespa velutina en Galicia entre os anos 2016 e 2018, polo que é de gran interese biolóxico e social. Estas dúas aplicacións mostran a utilidade das técnicas descritas ao longo deste traballo en áreas tan dispares como as que se aplican

[EN] Density estimation is a problem that arises with the aim of knowing how a population is concentrated from a sample of it. In this TFG we will address non-parametric density estimation, thus allowing the function to be estimated to take almost any possible form, requiring it to be a density. Starting with the one-dimensional case and then focusing on the two-dimensional case, we will present and analyze the histogram estimator and the kernel estimator. To this end we will introduce different error criteria and methods for selecting the smoothing parameters of each of the estimators, as well as the kernel function in the second of them. Different simulated examples with data from known densities help to show the different theoretical results as well as provide graphical representations of great utility for the comprehension of the work. Finally, the ideas presented on two real data sets will be illustrated. The first of these is analyzed as the theory develops and is related to the eruptions of a geyser in the UnitedStates. The second corresponds to the positions of wasp nests in Galicia between 2016 and 2018, so it is of great biological and social interest. These two applications show the usefulness of the techniques described throughout this work in areas as dissimilar as those applied

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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