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Estudio de la biodegradabilidad y compostabilidad de los diferentes plásticos

Study of the biodegradability and compostability of different plastics
Authors: Moreno Martínez, Paula;

Estudio de la biodegradabilidad y compostabilidad de los diferentes plásticos

Abstract

[SPA] El trabajo se inicia analizando teóricamente los efectos y características de los plásticos convencionales, cuya materia prima se obtiene principalmente a partir de derivados del petróleo. La problemática principal de estos materiales es su elevado tiempo de degradación, convirtiéndose en un problema tanto a nivel medio ambiental como para la salud, ya que un porcentaje muy alto de los mismos acaba en los océanos. Por ello, para hacer frente a este problema en los últimos años surgieron una serie de polímeros producidos a partir de desechos orgánicos, conocidos como bioplásticos, los cuales provienen de productos vegetales, tales como el aceite de soja, el maíz o la fécula de la patata. Dentro de este grupo se incluyen plásticos biodegradables, materiales que después de su uso, se descomponen naturalmente por acción de diferentes organismos en dióxido de carbono, metano, agua y biomasa. Además, dentro de este grupo se incluyen los plásticos compostables, materiales biodegradables que tienen la calidad necesaria para poder producir compost. Así el principal objetivo es analizar exhaustivamente la biodegradabilidad y compostabilidad de los diferentes tipos de plásticos para poder ayudar a los diferentes consumidores y la población en general a entender mejor dichos conceptos e incentivar a los mismos a usar compuestos biodegradables para evitar en la medida de lo posible usar plásticos de un solo uso. Además, se va a mostrar de manera clara la normativa para facilitar el uso de estos plásticos, ya que en muchos casos la falta de información acerca de los mismos dificulta su uso o su inclusión en la mayor parte de las industrias. Por último, se van a mostrar los distintos organismos certificadores de plásticos biodegradables y compostables que existen en la actualidad para determinar cuantitativamente la biodegradabilidad y la compostabilidad de dichos materiales y garantizar que dichos productos cumplen con la normativa vigente y poseen unas características de calidad adecuadas. [ENG] This work begins by theoretically analyzing the effects and characteristics of conventional plastics, which are manufactured from petroleum derivatives. The long degradation time of these materials leads to difficulties in the waste managing, becoming a problem both at an environmental and health level, since a very high percentage of them end up in the oceans. In recent years, a series of polymers, known as bioplastics, have emerged in response to this situation. These materials come from vegetable products such as soybean oil, corn or potato starch. This group includes biodegradable plastics, materials that after use, are naturally decomposed through different organisms into carbon dioxide, methane, water and biomass. Also included in this group are compostable plastics, biodegradable materials that have the necessary quality to be able to produce compost. Thus, the main objective is to thoroughly analyze the biodegradability and compostability of different types of plastics in order to help different consumers and the general population to better understand these concepts and to encourage them to use biodegradable compounds to avoid using single-use plastics. In addition, regulations will be clearly shown to facilitate the use of these plastics, since in many cases the lack of information about them makes their use or inclusion in most industries difficult. Finally, the different certifying bodies for biodegradable and compostable plastics that currently exist will be shown in order to quantitatively determine the biodegradability and compostability of these materials and to guarantee that these products comply with current regulations and have adequate quality characteristics

Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Contaminación petrolera, Ingeniería Química, Medio ambiente, Oil pollution, Plásticos, Environment, Plastics

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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