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Bachelor thesis . 2025
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Aislamiento y caracterización de microorganismos en leche de cabra

Isolation and characterisation of microorganisms in goat fermented milk
Authors: Valverde Sanmartín, Almudena;

Aislamiento y caracterización de microorganismos en leche de cabra

Abstract

[SPA] La resistencia a antibióticos constituye uno de los principales desafíos sanitarios actuales, por lo que es necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana, siendo las fuentes naturales una opción prometedora. En este trabajo se estudiaron muestras de leche de cabra con el fin de aislar e identificar microorganismos productores de compuestos con potencial bioactivo. Se cuantificó la microbiota mesófila presente, se aislaron diversas especies bacterianas, principalmente Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, junto con Enterococcus faecium, y otros géneros, y se evaluó su capacidad antagonista frente a patógenos de relevancia alimentaria mediante ensayos de superposición, gota y disco. Aproximadamente un 60 % de los aislados mostró algún grado de inhibición, destacando la susceptibilidad de Listeria monocytogenes y Staphylococcus aureus. A nivel genómico, se emplearon las plataformas BAGEL4 y antiSMASH para la detección de operones asociados a bacteriocinas. Los péptidos precursores identificados fueron posteriormente analizados mediante blastp para confirmar su naturaleza. Aunque se observaron coberturas e identidades bajas en varios casos (especialmente en predicciones de BAGEL4), se obtuvieron coincidencias altamente significativas para bacteriocinas conocidas, como nisina A y enterocina P. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto tanto la utilidad como las limitaciones de las herramientas bioinformáticas, que requieren de una evaluación manual para validar las predicciones. En conjunto, los resultados respaldan el potencial de la leche de cabra fermentada como fuente de bacteriocinas con aplicaciones en biotecnología e industria alimentaria, pero su evaluación económica sugiere que su aplicación industrial podría ser más limitada. [ENG] Antibiotic resistance is one of the main health challenges today, making it necessary to search for new molecules with antimicrobial activity, with natural sources being a promising option. In this study, goat milk samples were examined in order to isolate and identify microorganisms that produce compounds with bioactive potential. The mesophilic microbiota present was quantified, various bacterial species were isolated, mainly Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, together with Enterococcus faecium and other genera, and their antagonistic capacity against food-borne pathogens was evaluated using overlay, drop, and disc assays. Approximately 60% of the isolates showed some degree of inhibition, highlighting the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. At the genomic level, the BAGEL4 and antiSMASH platforms were used to detect operons associated with bacteriocins. The identified precursor peptides were subsequently analyzed using blastp to confirm their nature. Although low coverage and identities were observed in several cases (especially in BAGEL4 predictions), highly significant matches were obtained for known bacteriocins, such as nisin A and enterocin P. These findings highlight both the usefulness and limitations of bioinformatics tools, which require manual evaluation to validate predictions. Overall, the results support the potential of fermented goat milk as a source of bacteriocins with applications in biotechnology and the food industry, but its economic evaluation suggests that its industrial application could be more limited.

Escuela Técnica superior de Ingeniería Agronómica

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus, Goat milk, 33 Ciencias Tecnológicas::3309 Tecnología de Los Alimentos::3309.90 Microbiología de Alimentos, Leche de cabra, 2. Poner fin al hambre, lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrición y promover la agricultura sostenible, Seguridad alimentaria, Tecnología de los Alimentos, Listeria monocytogenes, Food safety

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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