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Bachelor thesis . 2024
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Condiciones de biocatálisis de las enzimas formiato y alcohol deshidrogenasas para la obtención de ácido fórmico a partir de CO2

Biocatalysis conditions of the Formate and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzymes for obtaining Formic Acid from CO2
Authors: Martínez Sánchez, Ariadna;

Condiciones de biocatálisis de las enzimas formiato y alcohol deshidrogenasas para la obtención de ácido fórmico a partir de CO2

Abstract

[SPA] Desde la Revolución Industrial se ha producido un aumento de la temperatura global de la atmósfera terrestre derivada del incremento de la concentración de CO2, es decir, del uso de combustibles fósiles. Una de las estrategias para disminuir la concentración de este gas consiste en su reducción, de manera que se obtienen compuestos de carbono de alto valor añadido. Las enzimas denominadas formiato deshidrogenasas (FDHs) catalizan la reducción de CO2 a ácido fórmico, compuesto que puede utilizarse como fuente y transportador de hidrógeno o, también, como precursor de otras moléculas (formaldehído y metanol u otras) de amplio uso industrial. La reacción de reducción de CO2, o su base conjugada, hidrogenocarbonato, HCO3 -, conlleva la oxidación del cofactor nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido reducido, NADH, a su forma oxidada, NAD+, por lo que se requiere su regeneración para que la producción de ácido fórmico sea rentable termodinámicamente. A su vez, para la regeneración de este cofactor se suelen utilizar reacciones acopladas de oxidación, que conllevan la reacción inversa, es decir, reducción del NAD+ a NADH. Dos aspectos básicos para el cumplimiento de los principios de la Química Verde son el uso de disolventes sostenibles y la reutilización de los catalizadores. En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado hemos inmovilizado una FDH en unos soportes que imitan a los líquidos iónicos, denominados Supported Ionic Liquid-Like Phases (SILLPs), con el fin de realizar la reacción de reducción del hidrogenocarbonato a ácido fórmico. El uso de estos soportes y la inmovilización del biocatalizador permite su reutilización y cumplir los dos principios básicos de la Química Verde citados. Asimismo, hemos optimizado las condiciones de reacción en disolución de la enzima FDH y de la oxidación de alcoholes por la enzima alcohol deshidrogenasa para la regeneración del cofactor. Se trata de estudios previos fundamentales, gracias a los cuales hemos puesto a punto las mejores condiciones para poder desarrollar la reacción de reducción de CO2 en nuestro laboratorio. [ENG] Since the Industrial Revolution, there has been an increase in the global temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to the increase in CO2 concentration, i.e. the use of fossil fuels. One of the strategies to reduce the concentration of this gas is to reduce it to obtain carbon compounds with a high added value. Enzymes called formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) catalyze the reduction of CO2 to formic acid, a compound that can be used as a source and carrier of hydrogen or as a precursor of other molecules (formaldehyde and methanol or others) of wide industrial use. The reduction reaction of CO2, or its conjugate base, hydrogen carbonate, HCO3 -, involves the oxidation of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor, NADH, to its oxidized form, NAD+, so its regeneration is required for the thermodynamically profitable production of formic acid. Coupled oxidation reactions, involving the reverse reaction, i.e. reduction of NAD+ to NADH, are often used for the regeneration of this cofactor. Two basic aspects of the fulfillment of the principles of Green Chemistry are the use of sustainable solvents and the reuse of catalysts. In this Final Degree Project, we have immobilized an FDH on supports that mimic ionic liquids, called Supported Ionic Liquid-Like Phases (SILLPs), to carry out the reduction reaction of hydrogen carbonate to formic acid. The use of these supports and the immobilization of the biocatalyst allows its reuse and complies with the two basic principles of Green Chemistry mentioned above. We have also optimized the reaction conditions in solution of the FDH enzyme and the oxidation of alcohols by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase for the regeneration of the cofactor. These are fundamental preliminary studies, thanks to which we have set up the best conditions for developing the CO2 reduction reaction in our laboratory.

Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Formiato, Química Inorgánica, 13. Adoptar medidas urgentes para combatir el cambio climático y sus efectos, 23 Química, Cambio climático, CO2, Enzimas inmovilizadas, 33 Ciencias Tecnológicas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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