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Doença de Alzheimer e periodontite

Authors: Martins, Alice Maria Lameiras;

Doença de Alzheimer e periodontite

Abstract

A Doença de Alzheimer é a causa mais frequente de demência e carateriza-se a nível histológico por perda neuronal e redução do número de sinapses, o que leva a uma atrofia cerebral cortical. O mecanismo fisiopatológico da doença de Alzheimer ainda não está totalmente compreendido, mas acredita-se que a neuroinflamação desempenha um papel crítico neste processo (Gurav, 2014; Sá, 2014). A periodontite é uma infeção oral comum associada a bactérias anaeróbias gram negativas, capazes de provocar infeções localizadas e sistémicas através da libertação de citoquinas pró-inflamatórias na circulação (Gurav, 2014). A inflamação é reconhecida na aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular, e pode ter também um papel importante na Doença de Alzheimer, estando os marcadores inflamatórios associados ao declínio cognitivo (Watts, Crimmins e Gatz, 2008). A periodontite partilha as duas características importante com a Doença de Alzheimer, nomeadamente o stress oxidativo e a inflamação que estão associadas à patologia cerebral observada na Doença de Alzheimer (Watts, Crimmins e Gatz, 2008; Gurav, 2014). O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar o paciente com Doença de Alzheimer, no que respeita à fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e terapêuticas relacionando-a também com a doença periodontal, nomeadamente a periodontite; pretende-se destacar os agentes patogénicos e outras possíveis vias de interligação entre estas duas doenças crónicas inflamatórias que poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento da Doença de Alzheimer. Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent cause of dementia and it is featured in a histological level by neuronal loss and a reduced number of synapses, which leads to a cerebral cortical atrophy. The pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully understood but it is believed that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in this process (Gurav, 2014; Sá, 2014). Periodontitis is a common infection associated with oral anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria capable of causing localized and systemic infections by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation (Gurav, 2014). Inflammation is recognized in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and may also play a role in Alzheimer's disease, with inflammatory markers being associated with cognitive decline (Watts, Crimmins, and Gatz, 2008). The periodontitis shares two important characteristics with Alzheimer's disease, in particular: oxidative stress and inflammation which are associated with brain pathology seen in Alzheimer's disease (Watts, Crimmins, and Gatz, 2008; Gurav, 2014). The objective of this study is to characterize the patient with Alzheimer's disease, with regard to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic relating it also with periodontal disease, including periodontitis; it is intended to highlight the pathogens and other possible interconnection routes between these two chronic inflammatory diseases that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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