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Uso off-label de medicamentos

Authors: Cardoso, Luís André Gomes;

Uso off-label de medicamentos

Abstract

O processo de aprovação de medicamentos para o uso clínico assenta na procura de evidência da eficácia e segurança do fármaco através da realização de ensaios clínicos, geralmente com comparação a placebo ou a outro princípio ativo para o mesmo efeito e para uma determinada indicação. Desta forma, o uso off-label de medicamentos consiste no uso de fármacos para uma indicação, subgrupo populacional ou numa dosagem/via de administração não aprovada pela entidade reguladora competente, uma vez que esta embora regule o mercado do medicamento, não tem jurisdição para regular os usos/prescrições. Esta prática constitui uma realidade incontornável nos sistemas de saúde modernos. Neste trabalho, após uma descrição sumária do ciclo do medicamento, procurou-se definir o conceito do uso off-label de medicamentos, passando pelas razões que motivam esta prática, a prevalência, os fármacos mais comumente prescritos, os grupos populacionais com maior incidência, as indicações para as quais o uso off-label de medicamentos é a alternativa mais comum e as respetivas implicações éticas e legais, procurando também comparar a realidade europeia com a norte-americana, verificando-se que estas são sobreponíveis em muitos aspetos, nomeadamente na frequência das prescrições e fármacos mais comumente utilizados. Também se constatou que, na maioria dos estudos, mais de dois terços das prescrições off-label não tinham evidência científica que as fundamentasse, constituindo isto uma realidade preocupante que carece de regulação pelas entidades competentes. The process of approving drugs for clinical use is based on seeking evidence of the efficacy and safety of the drug through clinical trials, usually comparing it to a placebo or another active ingredient for the same purpose and for a specific indication. This way, the off-label use of drugs consists of using drugs for one indication, population subset or in a dosage/route of administration not approved by the national regulatory authority, since this, while regulating the drug market, it has no jurisdiction to regulate the uses/prescriptions. This practice is an unavoidable reality in modern health systems. In this work, after a brief description of the drug cycle, we tried to define the concept of using off-label drugs, through the grounds for this practice, the prevalence, the most commonly prescribed drugs, the population groups with the highest incidence, the indications for which the off-label use of drugs is the most common alternative and the respective ethical and legal implications, also seeking to compare the european reality with the north-american, verifying that these are superposable in many aspects, especially in frequency of prescriptions and most commonly used drugs. It was also found that, in most studies, more than two thirds of off-label prescriptions had no scientific evidence supporting them, making this a disturbing reality that requires regulation by the authorities.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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