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Sarna humana

Authors: Rodrigues, Tânia Oliveira da Silva;
Abstract

A escabiose ou sarna humana é uma infestação originada pelo ácaro Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis com elevada relevância pela morbilidade que causa devido a forte prurido, elevada infecciosidade, surtos frequentes e persistência dos sintomas por vários dias, mesmo depois da sua total eliminação. O ácaro obtém os seus nutrientes através do sangue do hospedeiro, originando sulcos subepidérmicos caraterísticos e, consequentemente, surge uma resposta imune ao ácaro e aos seus respetivos produtos (secretados/excretados). Esta parasitose, não se manifesta apenas em países subdesenvolvidos, existindo à escala mundial e datando desde a origem do Homem. Constitui um problema endémico e epidémico, surgindo em crianças de ambos os sexos, de todas as idades, de qualquer etnia e nos mais variados níveis socioeconómicos. Doentes imunodeprimidos ficam mais suscetíveis a hiperinfestações, mais concretamente, à Sarna Crostosa ou Norueguesa, sendo esta altamente contagiosa e de difícil tratamento. Para além disso, o risco associado a infeções secundárias, nomeadamente do tipo bacteriano, é elevado, podendo incitar problemas como a glomerulonefrite pós-estreptocócica e a febre reumática (cardiopatia reumática). Desta forma, torna-se necessário, numa primeira fase, prevenir o contágio direto com uma pessoa infetada e, numa segunda fase, recorrer ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico. Hoje em dia, já existem terapias de origem vegetal com propriedades eficazes contra S. scabiei. As mais variadas técnicas de diagnóstico têm vindo a evoluir numa tentativa de melhorar a sua rapidez e sensibilidade e, consequente, qualidade de vida do doente. Ainda como perspetivas futuras, tem-se apostado na imunoterapia e no desenvolvimento de vacinas. Scabies is an infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis with high relevance for causing morbidity due to strong itching, high infectivity, frequent outbreaks and symptoms persist for several days, even after their total eradication. The mite obtains nutrients through the host blood, causing burrows into the skin and, therefore, an immune response to mite and their products (secreted/excreted) arises. This parasitosis, doesn’t manifest itself only in underdeveloped countries, existing worldwide and dating from the ancient times. It constitutes an endemic and epidemic problem, occurring in children of both sexes, at all ages, of any ethnicity, and in various socioeconomic levels. Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to hyperinfestations, more specifically, to the Norwegian or crusted scabies, which is highly contagious and difficult to treat. Furthermore, the risk associated with secondary infections is high, especially bacterial type, and may encourage problems such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever (rheumatic heart disease). Thus, it is necessary initially, prevent direct infection with an infected person and subsequently, resorting to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Nowadays, there are already treatments of plant origin with effective properties against S. scabiei. The various diagnostic techniques have evolved in an attempt to improve its quickness and sensitivity and, consequently, the quality of life of the patient. Also as future prospects, it has been staked in immunotherapy and vaccine development.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Infestação, Scabies, Sarna humana, Infestation, Parasitose, Sarcoptes scabiei, Parasitosis

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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