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Aplicações dos biomateriais em ortopedia

Authors: Resende, Susana Catarina Silva;

Aplicações dos biomateriais em ortopedia

Abstract

Nos últimos anos, os progressos alcançados na área da saúde, aliados à engenharia e a outros ramos da ciência, têm permitido uma grande evolução das técnicas de reconstituição das funções totais ou parciais de órgãos e tecidos. Neste contexto, os biomateriais têm vindo a ganhar grande importância, que se encontra associada ao desenvolvimento de técnicas cirúrgicas e de novos implantes e próteses. Com efeito, em ortopedia o conceito de biomaterial está ligado à definição de dispositivo médico, principalmente os que são implantados no corpo humano, tendo carácter temporário ou permanente. O objectivo deste trabalho de revisão bibliográfica é evidenciar os avanços dos biomateriais e sua vasta aplicabilidade em ortopedia. A composição do tecido ósseo, os diferentes tipos de biomateriais utilizados em ortopedia e o conceito de dispositivo médico em ortopedia serão abordados nas diferentes secções. Por fim, é efectuada uma referência relativa às técnicas de engenharia de tecidos aplicadas à ortopedia, bem como uma avaliação crítica do seu potencial de sucesso, através de exemplos práticos relativos aos seus avanços recentes. In recent years, progress in health, allied to engineering and other branches of science have allowed for a great development on the techniques of reconstruction total or partial organ or tissue functions. In this context, biomaterials have gained great importance, which is also associated with the development of surgical techniques, treatments and implants or prostheses. Indeed, in orthopedics, the concept of biomaterial is linked to the definition of a medical device, particularly those that are implanted in the human body, having temporary or permanent. The aim of this work is to perform a literature review, highlighting the advances in biomaterials and their wide applicability in orthopedics. The composition of bone tissue, different types of biomaterials used in orthopedics, the concept of medical devices in orthopedics are discussed in different sections of the work. Finally, an approach to the tissue engineering techniques applied to orthopedics is performed, as well as a critical evaluation of their potential for success through practical examples relating to its recent advances.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Biomaterials, Orthopedics, Prótese, Engenharia de tecidos, Implants, Prosthesis, Tissue engineering, Implante, Biomateriais, Ortopedia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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