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Medicamentos biossimilares

Authors: Caria, Sara Joana Figueiredo;

Medicamentos biossimilares

Abstract

Os medicamentos biológicos e biossimilares são uma área em grande expansão na indústria farmacêutica e representam uma grande fonte de inovação, gerando soluções não encontradas com as terapias convencionais. Os medicamentos biológicos definem-se como medicamentos cuja(s) substância(s) ativa(s) é/são originária(s) ou extraída(s) de um sistema biológico, tais como: insulina, hormona do crescimento e eritropoietinas. Sendo medicamentos altamente específicos e muito eficazes, de elevado peso molecular e muito mais complexos do que os medicamentos não biológicos, no que se refere à sua estrutura, ao processo de fabrico e ao controlo, tendo revolucionado o tratamento de muitas doenças. Representam assim um segmento de grande rentabilidade e altamente benéfico, uma vez que, graças à utilização destes medicamentos, muitas vidas melhoraram significativamente ou foram salvas. Os medicamentos biossimilares surgiram devido aos elevados custos que acarretam as terapias que utilizam medicamentos biológicos. Os medicamentos biossimilares são medicamentos biológicos similares a um medicamento biológico de referência, autorizado e cuja propriedade intelectual expirou. Não podem ser considerados como medicamentos genéricos dos medicamentos biológicos. Possuem, essencialmente a mesma substância biológica que o medicamento de referência, embora possam existir pequenas diferenças devido à sua natureza complexa e aos métodos de produção, possuindo um elevado grau de variabilidade. A aprovação destes medicamentos requer um processo bastante complexo, necessitando demonstrar similaridade face ao produto de referência em termos de qualidade, atividade biológica, segurança e eficácia. Todo o processo deve seguir estritamente as guidelines adotadas pela Agência Europeia do Medicamento e a legislação em vigor, no respetivo país. Este tipo de medicamentos acarreta, no entanto, alguns inconvenientes que questionam em parte a sua utilização, como é o caso do potencial imunogénico que possuem. Adicionalmente, estão sujeitos a um extenso controlo pós-comercialização, de acordo com a legislação europeia. Biologicals and biosimilars medicines are booming segments in the pharmaceutical industry and, represent a great source of innovation, providing solutions for diseases until then not found with traditional therapies. Biologicals medicines are defined as medicines whose active(s) substance(s) are originated or extracted from a biological system, such as: insulin, growth hormone and erythropoietins. Being highly specific and very effective drugs, with high molecular weight and much more complex than non-biological medicines, regarding its structure, manufacturing process and control. These medicines have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases. And represent a segment of high profitability and highly beneficial, since throught the use of these drugs, many lives have improved significantly or have been saved by these. Due to the high cost implied by therapies that use biological drugs, biosimilars medicines emerged. Biosimilar medicines are similar to an authorized biological medicine, and whose patent has expired. These can’t be considered as generic of biological medicines. These medicines have essentially the same biological substance that the reference medicinal product, although there may be slight differences due to their complex nature and methods of production, having a high degree of variability. Approval of these medications requires a fairly complex process, requiring demonstration of similarity compared to the reference product in terms of quality, biological activity, safety and efficacy. The entire process should follow the Guidelines adopted by the European Medicines Agency and the legislation of the respective country. Such drugs involves however some drawbacks in question of their use, as is the case of the immunogenic potential they hold. Furthermore, they are subject to extensive post-marketing monitoring, according to the European legislation.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Biosimilars, Biossimilares, Imunogenicidade, Biológicos, Biologicals, Similaridade, Immunogenicity, Similarity

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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