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Ciclodextrinas: novas aplicações

Authors: Carvalho, Isabel Malta;

Ciclodextrinas: novas aplicações

Abstract

O grande investimento científico na área farmacêutica, biotecnológica, médica, alimentar e ambiental observado nas últimas décadas, resultou no surgimento de novas moléculas com potencial terapêutico. No entanto a maior parte destas moléculas apresenta sérias limitações que dificultam a sua aplicabilidade, como baixa solubilidade aquosa, instabilidade, baixa biodisponibilidade, efeitos adversos graves ou até características organoléticas indesejáveis. Com o objetivo de ultrapassar estes obstáculos, as ciclodextrinas começaram a ganhar protagonismo, pois devido à sua natureza anfifílica são capazes de complexar moléculas hidrófobas ou partes destas, bem como moléculas hidrófilas. Adicionalmente, fornecem um microambiente protetor à molécula complexada, evitando deste modo a sua degradação, e melhorando as suas características organoléticas, e através de derivatização é possível modificar a velocidade de libertação e local de libertação de fármacos, sendo deste modo bastante úteis no tratamento de diversas doenças. Para além das vantagens como excipientes, as ciclodextrinas apresentam potencialidades como moléculas terapêuticas, tais como o tratamento da doença Niemann Pick tipo C e reversão do bloqueio neuromuscular após cirurgia. Estas descobertas abrem o caminho para aplicações futuras. A presente dissertação apresenta uma visão geral sobre os vários aspetos físico-químicos das ciclodextrinas, as suas aplicações atuais nos ramos da farmácia e cosmética, e as suas aplicações novas e especializadas. The great scientific investment in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, medicinal, dietetic and environmental areas experienced in the last decades has led to the arise of new molecules with therapeutic potential. However, most of these molecules present serious limitations that hinder their applicability, such as low aqueous solubility, instability, low bioavailability, instability, severe side effects and even undesirable organoleptic characteristics. In order to overcome these setbacks, cyclodextrins have gained relevance. Due to their amphiphilic nature, they are able to form complexes with hydrophobic molecules or their hydrophobic parts, as well as hydrophilic molecules. In addition, they provide the complexed molecule with a protective nanoenvironment which prevents its degradation and improves its organoleptic characteristics. Furthermore, through derivatization it is possible to modify the drug delivery rate and target, which makes cyclodextrins useful tools for the treatment of various diseases. In addition to their advantages as excipients, cyclodextrins are potential therapeutic molecules in the treatment of the Niemann Pick type C disease, and the reversal of neuromuscular blockade after surgery. These findings set the grounds for the discovery of future applications. The present dissertation presents a general view on the various physicochemical aspects of cyclodextrins, their current applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, and their novel and specialized applications.

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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