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handle: 10284/3967 , http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3967
A Anfotericina B (AmB) apresenta-se como um agente antifúngico, cujo uso, está indicado em casos clínicos de carácter grave, como no caso de infeções fúngicas invasivas. Isto deve-se ao facto de, apesar da sua grande eficácia cientificamente testada, esta apresentar um certo grau de toxicidade, apresentando alguns efeitos adversos sérios, como é o caso da nefrotoxicidade. Como modo de ultrapassar a desvantagem acima descrita para a molécula em questão, foram desenvolvidas, com recurso aos novos sistemas terapêuticos, formulações lipídicas que veiculassem a AmB, sendo os lipossomas, os complexos lipídicos e as dispersões coloidais, as formulações lipídicas mais frequentemente usadas e referidas na literatura. Estas formulações, tal como dito anteriormente, levam ao desenvolvimento de menos efeitos adversos, diminuindo sobretudo o grau de nefrotoxicidade, comparativamente à AmB convencional, bem como, a obtenção de um melhor perfil farmacocinético. No entanto, têm a desvantagem de serem demasiado dispendiosas. Deste modo, pretende-se com esta monografia caraterizar e comparar a AmB convencional e as suas formulações lipídicas, analisando-se o ponto de vista molecular, o mecanismo de ação, aplicações, administração, farmacocinética, efeitos adversos, interações e resistências das preparações que aqui serão abordadas. AmB is presented as an antifungal agent whose use is indicated in clinical cases of serious nature as in the case of invasive fungal infections. This is due to the fact that, despite its high efficacy scientifically tested, it has a certain degree of toxicity, with some serious adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity. As a way of overcoming the disadvantage described above for the molecule in question, it was developed, with use of new therapeutic systems, lipid formulations that incorporate AmB, like, liposomes, lipid complexes and colloidal dispersions, as the lipid formulations most commonly used and reported in the literature. These formulations, as stated previously develop fewer side effects, especially the reduced level of nephrotoxicity, when compared the conventional one, as well as obtaining a better pharmacokinetic profile. However, as a disadvantage, they prove to be more expensive. Thus, it is intended with this monograph, realize the characterization and comparison of conventional AmB and its lipid formulations, as well as, analyze the molecular point of view, the mechanism of action, applications, management, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, interactions and resistance of the preparations that will be addressed here.
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