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Linhagens celulares da mucosa gástrica: estrutura e função

Authors: Freitas, Rafael França Pitão Guimarães de;

Linhagens celulares da mucosa gástrica: estrutura e função

Abstract

O presente trabalho de pós-graduação trata-se de uma pesquisa profunda e atual sobre relação entre as características estruturais das linhagens celulares que constituem a superfície interna do tubo digestivo, mais precisamente ao nível da mucosa gástrica, e o seu reflexo a nível fisiológico. De uma forma geral a superfície interna do estômago é constituída por um epitélio simples colunar que sofre invaginações em direção à lâmina própria, originando numerosas pregas que aumentam significativamente a sua área de contacto – as fossetas gástricas. Na base destas podemos encontrar as glândulas estomacais, cuja região mais apical é essencialmente constituída por células mucosas superficiais, e à medida que se dirige do lúmen para a periferia podem ser visualizados os restantes tipos celulares que as compõem, entre as quais as células-fonte, mucosas do colo, principais, parietais e enteroendócrinas – as quais são mantidas e controladas por um conjunto alargado de mediadores nervosos, endócrinos e parácrinos. Um dado importante a ser retido, e que tem sido alvo de diversas investigações nos últimos anos, é o facto destas linhagens celulares estarem vulgarmente associadas com padrões anormais de diferenciação celular, e como tal, a sua forte predisposição para o desenvolvimento e progressão do cancro gástrico, que é um problema global de saúde pública e que infelizmente afeta milhares de pessoas todos os anos. O conhecimento científico atual acerca das relações morfo-funcionais que se estabelecem ao nível das diferentes linhagens celulares gástricas e a sua posterior tradução ao nível de processos histopatológicos é abordado. Contrariamente ao que seria expectável, pois o modelo biológico tratado é o Homem, muito ainda existe para desvendar acerca da funcionalidade e regulação destas células. The present work represents the State-of-Art on the knowledge about the relationship between the structural characteristics of the cell lines which form the inner surface of the digestive tract, more precisely regarding the gastric mucosa, and its repercussion at physiological level. Generally the inner surface of the stomach is formed by a simple columnar epithelium which suffers invaginations toward the lamina propria, originating numerous folds that significantly increase its contact area - the gastric pits. In the base of these glands we find the gastric glands, whose most apical region are formed mainly by surface mucous cells. But as it goes from the lumen towards the periphery, other types of cells also exist, including stem cell, mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells. These last ones are maintained and controlled by a large number of nervous and endocrine/paracrine mediators. An important point to be retained, which has been the subject of many investigations in recent years, is the fact that these cell lines are commonly associated with abnormal patterns of cell differentiation, showing a strong predisposition to the development and progression of gastric cancer, which is a health global public problem and unfortunately affects worldwide thousands of people every year. The current scientific knowledge about the morpho-functional relationships that are established at the level of different gastric cell lines and their subsequent repercussion at the level of histopathologic processes is discussed here. Unlike what would be expected, once the biological model is the Man, there is still much to uncover about the function and regulation of these cells.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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