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Produção de vacinas biotecnológicas

Production of biotechnological vaccines
Authors: Padrela, Catarina Andrade;

Produção de vacinas biotecnológicas

Abstract

As vacinas são poderosas ferramentas de saúde pública que permitem a prevenção de vários tipos de doenças. As primeiras vacinas, também conhecidas como vacinas convencionais, foram desenvolvidas com base em agentes patogénicos vivos atenuados ou inativados. Este tipo de abordagem revelou-se eficaz no controlo e prevenção de diversas doenças. Contudo avanços tecnológicos e científicos, permitiram o surgimento de uma nova geração de vacinas: as vacinas biotecnológicas. A primeira vacina biotecnológica a ser aprovada foi a vacina contra o vírus da hepatite B, através da tecnologia de DNA recombinante, utilizando células de leveduras geneticamente modificadas para expressar proteínas virais. Seguindo esta abordagem, foi posteriormente desenvolvida a vacina contra o vírus do papiloma humano (HPV). Mais recentemente, com o surgimento da pandemia da COVID-19, causada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, houve necessidade de desenvolver vacinas de forma rápida, eficaz e segura, com o objetivo primordial de prevenir infeções graves causadas por este vírus, bem como recuperar a vida quotidiana pré-pandemia. Neste contexto, as vacinas à base de ácidos nucleicos e as vacinas de vetor viral assumiram um papel determinante. Ao longo do presente trabalho serão referidas e descritas as diferentes técnicas utilizadas na produção de vacinas biotecnológicas, bem como exemplos concretos e detalhados de cada tipo de vacinas biotecnológicas utilizadas atualmente na prática clínica. As vacinas biotecnológicas constituem ferramentas essenciais no combate a diversas infeções e abrem caminho para novas abordagens terapêuticas contra doenças infeciosas, alguns tipos de cancro e doenças neurodegenerativas.

Vaccines are a powerful public health tool that allow the prevention of various types of diseases. The first vaccines, also known as conventional vaccines, were developed based on live attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This approach proved effective in controlling and preventing several diseases. However, technological and scientific advances have allowed the emergence of a new generation of vaccines: biotechnological vaccines. The first approved biotechnological vaccine was against the hepatitis B virus, developed through recombinant DNA technology, using genetically modified yeast cells to express viral proteins. Following this approach, the vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV) was later developed. More recently, with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, there was a pressing need to develop vaccines in a faster, more efficient and safe way, with a primordial goal of preventing serious infections caused by this virus, as well as recovering the pre-pandemic daily life. In this context, nucleic acid vaccines and viral vector vaccines played a decisive role. Throughout this work, the different techniques used in the product of biotechnological vaccines will be mentioned and described, as well as concrete and detailed examples of each biotechnological vaccine type currently used in clinical practice. Biotechnological vaccines are essential tools in combating various infections and pave the way for new therapeutic approaches against diseases, certain types of cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Covid-19 vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, Influenza vaccine, Vacinas da hepatite B, Vacina da Influenza, Vacinas de ácidos nucleicos, Vacina da Covid-19, Nucleic acid vaccines, Vacina do HPV, Recombinant vaccines, Vacinas recombinantes, HPV vaccine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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