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Trabajo Social y control migratorio. Tensiones en los Sistemas de Protección de Menores

Authors: Gimeno Monterde, Chabier;

Trabajo Social y control migratorio. Tensiones en los Sistemas de Protección de Menores

Abstract

Los conocidos administrativamente como “menores extranjeros no acompañados” son los jóvenes y niños que durante los últimos años están migrando solos, sin referentes familiares, y de manera irregular a Europa. Jóvenes que viven una doble condición de menores (a proteger) y extranjeros (a controlar). La legislación internacional de protección de la infancia regula la acogida de estos menores, que son tutelados por las Comunidades Autónomas. Pero, ¿puede haber generado esta acogida institucionalizada unas expectativas previas en los jóvenes migrantes? ¿Pueden percibirse éstos como consumidores de un Trabajo Social internacionalizado? Ante esto, ¿cuál ha sido la reacción de instituciones y técnicos? La investigación sobre los menores solos acogidos institucionalmente en Aragón ha buscado dilucidar estos interrogantes. Para ello hemos realizado entrevistas a técnicos y adolescentes, hemos tratado estadísticamente datos administrativos y demográficos y hemos sistematizado la observación durante nuestra práctica profesional con ellos. Los resultados indican que las Comunidades Autónomas han recibido competencias explícitas e implícitas en la política migratoria española. Explícitamente se les reclama que protejan a estos adolescentes, mientras implícitamente se les responsabiliza de evitar el efecto llamada que dicha acogida supone. La discusión consiguiente nos plantea si el Estado y los gobiernos locales están desplegando progresivamente protocolos de Trabajo Social que, en interés del menor que migra solo, buscan dificultar su acceso a la protección, considerando que el lugar de todo menor es su familia de origen. Como ocurre en otras latitudes, de lo que se trata es de evitar la migración clandestina, en interés del Estado receptor. The so-called “unaccompanied foreign children” are those teenagers and children who migrate alone and irregularly to Europe with no family support. These young people live in a double condition: they are minors who must be protected as well as immigrants who must be controlled. The international legislation on childhood protection regulates the sheltering of such children, who are protected by the different Autonomous Communities. But, could this care generate previous expectations of protection in migrant youth? Could they perceive themselves as consumers in an internationalized Social Work System? What has been the reaction of institutions and technicians to this possibility? Research conducted on these institutionally protected minors in the Autonomous Community of Aragon has looked for an answer to these questions. To this end, we have interviewed technicians and adolescents, have processed statistically administrative and demographic data and have systematized observation during professional practice. Results indicate that Autonomous Communities have received implicit and explicit competences on Spanish migration policy. Explicitly, they are responsible for the protection of these minors, whereas they are implicitly made responsible for avoiding the pull effect that this protection means. Consequent discussion presents a debate on Social Work protocols which are developed by local governments in the best interest of minors who migrate on their own in order to make their access to protection more difficult, considering that the best place for these children are their original families. As it happens everywhere, the intention is to prevent clandestine migration in the best interest of the host country.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Migración irregular, Social Work, Child protection, Migrant children, Ética profesional, Trabajo social, Protección de menores, Irregular migration, Menores migrantes, Professional ethics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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