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Balancing Hedgehog, a retention and release equilibrium given by Dally, Ihog, Boi and shifted/DmWif

Authors: Bilioni, Aphrodite; Sánchez-Hernández, David; Callejo, Ainhoa; Gradilla, Ana-Citlali; Ibáñez, Carmen; Mollica, Emanuela; Carmen Rodríguez-Navas, M.; +2 Authors

Balancing Hedgehog, a retention and release equilibrium given by Dally, Ihog, Boi and shifted/DmWif

Abstract

Hedgehog can signal both at a short and long-range, and acts as a morphogen during development in various systems. We studied the mechanisms of Hh release and spread using the Drosophila wing imaginal disc as a model system for polarized epithelium. We analyzed the cooperative role of the glypican Dally, the extracellular factor Shifted (Shf, also known as DmWif), and the Immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) and Fibronectin III (FNNIII) domain-containing transmembrane proteins, Interference hedgehog (Ihog) and its related protein Brother of Ihog (Boi), in the stability, release and spread of Hh. We show that Dally and Boi are required to prevent apical dispersion of Hh; they also aid Hh recycling for its release along the basolateral part of the epithelium to form a long-range gradient. Shf/DmWif on the other hand facilitates Hh movement restrained by Ihog, Boi and Dally, establishing equilibrium between membrane attachment and release of Hh. Furthermore, this protein complex is part of thin filopodia-like structures or cytonemes, suggesting that the interaction between Dally, Ihog, Boi and Shf/DmWif is required for cytoneme-mediated Hh distribution during gradient formation.

Keywords

Hedgehog gradient, Genotype, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Dally, Receptors, Cell Surface, Models, Biological, Ihog, Shifted/DmWif, Boi, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Hedgehog Proteins, Transgenes, Molecular Biology, Membrane Glycoproteins, Models, Genetic, Cell Membrane, Cell Biology, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Proteoglycans, Carrier Proteins, Developmental Biology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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