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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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O sítio do Neolítico Antigo de Cortiçóis - Almeirim, Santarém

Authors: Cardoso, João; Carvalho, António F.; Gibaja, Juan F.;

O sítio do Neolítico Antigo de Cortiçóis - Almeirim, Santarém

Abstract

(POR) Confirmado no âmbito de um projecto de prospecção arqueológica visando o estudo da ocupação romana da área, o sítio de Cortiçóis foi objecto de recolhas de superfície extensivas e de escavação, em Setembro de 2010. Destes trabalhos resultou a constatação de que o sítio se encontrava profundamente afectado pelo plantio de uma vinha. Porém, o numeroso conjunto artefactual recuperado é testemunho de uma ocupação (ou sucessão de ocupações) neolítica no local, datável, pela estilística cerâmica, de finais do V milénio a.C. (a acidez do depósito arenoso impediu a preservação de matéria orgânica). A importância particular deste sítio pode resumir-se a três aspectos principais: 1) Fornece a primeira evidência de ocupação neolítica na margem esquerda do Vale do Tejo imediatamente a norte dos concheiros mesolíticos de Muge, revelando o tipo de implantação e povoamento de que se poderá ter revestido este período na região. 2) A sua cultura material, muito diversificada do ponto de vista da estilística das ornamentações cerâmicas, permite o estabelecimento de paralelos com sítios seus contemporâneos de todo o território estremenho mas evidencia particularismos que parecem indicar uma realidade própria. 3) A análise traceológica de suportes lamelares em sílex permitiu o reconhecimento de “elementos de foice” usados na ceifa de cereais. Trata-se da primeira identificação objectiva, no território português, de um conjunto de tais artefactos cuja tipologia se insere no padrão andaluz e, por consequência, permite concluir que a agricultura neolítica (pelo menos no centro de Portugal) terá sido semelhante à já documentada naquela região espanhola.

(EN) Discovered in the context of a field survey project aiming the study of the Roman occupation in the area, the site of Cortiçóis was subjected to surface collections and excavation in September 2010. These tasks permitted to conclude this site was deeply affected by the plantation of a vineyard. However, the abundant artefactual assemblage that was recovered is testimony of a Neolithic occupation (or successive occupations) at the site, which is datable to the end of the 5th millennium BC according to its ceramic typology (the acidity of the sandy deposit prevented the preservation of organic materials). The particular importance of Cortiçóis can be summarized in three main aspects: 1) It furnishes the first evidence of Neolithic occupation on the left banks of the Tagus valley immediately north of the Mesolithic shell middens of Muge, revealing the type of location and settlement that may had been characteristic of period in the region. 2) Its material culture, with very diversified pottery styles, allows the establishment of parallels with coeval sites across the Estremadura region but shows particularisms that seem to point to a local entity. 3) Use-wear analysis of flint bladelets has permitted the recognition of “sickle implements” used in cereal harvesting. This is the first objective identification in Portuguese territory of an assemblage of such type of artefacts. Their typology is typical of the Early Neolithic in Andalusia and, as a consequence, it allows to conclude that Neolithic agriculture (at least in the centre of Portugal) may had been similar to the one already documented in the mentioned Spanish region.

Peer reviewed

Countries
Spain, Portugal
Keywords

Neolítico antigo, Sítio de Cortiçóis, Arqueologia

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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