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handle: 10261/9017
[ES] Se han estudiado las relaciones sociales de los individuos de una población de Carbonero Común Parus major en un área montañosa del centro de España en condiciones invernales durante dos años consecutivos. Se establecieron tres clases jerárquicas utilizando las interacciones agresivas entre los individuos sobre comederos artificiales: dominantes, subdominantes y subordinados. Se encontró que el sexo, la edad y la morfología fueron los factores responsables de la organización social en el Carbonero Común. Los machos adultos fueron los individuos más dominantes, mientras que los más subordinados fueron las hembras juveniles. Los machos juveniles y las hembras adultas, a diferencia de lo esperado, tuvieron una distribución que no difirió de la esperada por azar. Ambas clases sociales experimentaron una presión social similar. Los individuos dominantes fueron más grandes y más pesados que los subordinados. Las diferencias morfológicas entre las clases sociales desaparecieron cuando se eliminó el efecto del sexo, manteniéndose, sin embargo, al eliminar el efecto de la edad. Las diferencias morfológicas entre individuos de clases sociales distintas se debieron por tanto a las diferencias morfológicas entre sexos y a las proporciones de sexos en cada clase social. Se sugiere que el principal factor responsable de la dominancia social en el Carbonero Común es el sexo, aunque factores tales como la residencia previa o el emparejamiento con individuos de elevado estatus pueden alterar el orden de dominancia.
[EN] Social relationships within a Great Tit Parus major population in a mountanious area in central Spain under winter conditions and in two consecutive years were studied. Three hierarchical classes were established using aggressive interactions between the individuals over artificial feeders: dominants, subdominants and subordinates. Sex, age and morphology were found to be factors responsible of the social organisation in the Great Tit. Adult males were the most dominant individuals and juvenile females the most subordinate. Juvenile males and adult females, contrary to prior expectations, were distributed among social classes in a way that did not differ from a random distribution. Individuals in the different social classes differed morphologically, dominants being larger and heavier than subordinates. Morphological differences among classes disappeared when the effect of sex was removed, whereas they remained when the effect of age was removed. Therefore, morphological differences among the social classes were due to differences in sex-ratios among classes. We suggest that sex per se is the main factor responsible for social dominance, although other factors such as a previous link with the area (site relation) or mating with a highly ranked bird (high ranking match) may reverse social relationships.
This study was carried out with the logistic support of El Ventorrillo Field Station, and was funded by DGES project PB95- 0103 of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Cultura. Financial support to A.B. was provided by a CAM-MNCN-CSIC grant and to M.B. by an El Ventorrillo- CSIC grant.
Peer reviewed
Morphology, Carbonero Común, Great Tit, Body mass, Parus major, Dominancia, Morfología, Edad, Dominance
Morphology, Carbonero Común, Great Tit, Body mass, Parus major, Dominancia, Morfología, Edad, Dominance
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