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Nuevos aspectos patogénicos en el síndrome de apneas e hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS)

Authors: Nácher, María; Serrano-Mollar, Anna; Montserrat, Josep M.;

Nuevos aspectos patogénicos en el síndrome de apneas e hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS)

Abstract

[ES]:El síndrome de apneas e hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) se define como la aparición de episodios de cese total o parcial del flujo aéreo en la boca y la nariz (apnea obstructiva del sueño), con síntomas secundarios. Hasta la fecha los estudios del SAHS se han centrado en aspectos de diagnóstico, tratamiento o epidemiológicos. Sin embargo, en la actualidad es ineludible abordar nuevos retos, como el estudio de la vía aérea superior (VAS), donde se generan la obstrucción y las consecuencias secundarias, especialmente las cardiovasculares. La obstrucción de la VAS se produce por la noche y no durante el día, lo cual indica la ausencia de unos mecanismos que durante la noche no la mantienen abierta. El SAHS hay que considerarlo, en parte, en clave genética. Una serie de genes determinan o favorecen la presencia de varios factores de riesgo (obesidad, control de la ventilación, morfología facial, etc.) que explicarían que un 15-20% de la población tenga un índice de apneas-hipopneas mayor de 10. Habría además otros genes responsables del fenotipo, que serían la causa de que las obstrucciones induzcan síntomas. En esta revisión se analizarán consideraciones generales sobre la inflamación, aspectos de la VAS y las relaciones del SAHS especialmente con las entidades cardiovasculares y, en concreto, con la actividad de los radicales libres.

[EN]: Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is defined as episodes of partial or complete cessation of airflow in the mouth and nose (obstructive sleep apnea) with secondary symptoms. To date, studies of SAHS have centered on diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological features. However, new challenges such as study of the upper airway, where the obstruction occurs, and secondary effects, especially cardiovascular effects, must be met. Upper airway obstruction is produced at night and not during the day, suggesting the absence of mechanisms keeping the airway open at night. In part, SAHS must be considered a genetic disorder. A series of genes determine or favor the presence of several risk factors (obesity, ventilatory control, facial morphology, etc.) that may help to explain the finding that 15-20% of the population has an apnea-hypopnea index >10. There are also other genes giving rise to the phenotype, causing the obstructions to induce symptoms. The present review analyzes general considerations on inflammation and aspects of the upper airway, and lastly discusses associations with SAHS, especially with cardiovascular entities, and specifically free radical activity.

Trabajo subvencionado por SAF2004-00684, SEPAR, FUCAP y Air-Products.

Peer Reviewed

Keywords

Enfermedad vascular, Mediadores celulares, Apneas durante el sueño, Sleep apnea, Cellular mediators, Mechanisms, Mecanismos, Vascular disease, Vascular diseases

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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