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Caracterización de la fibra de cacao y su efecto sobre la capacidad antioxidante en suero de animales de experimentación

Authors: Lecumberri, Elena; Mateos, Raquel; Ramos, Sonia; Alía, Margarita; Rupérez Antón, Pilar; Goya, Luis; Izquierdo-Pulido, M.; +1 Authors

Caracterización de la fibra de cacao y su efecto sobre la capacidad antioxidante en suero de animales de experimentación

Abstract

[EN]: Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the physico-chemical properties of cocoa fibre (CF), to analyze its polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in vitro, and to investigate the effect of the administration of a polyphenolic extract of this cocoa fiber on the antioxidant capacity of the serum in rats. Methods and materials: Dietary fiber (DF) composition and polyphenolic (PP) content of the cocoa fiber were analyzed. The antioxidant capacity of the CF was determined by means of its reduction power (FRAP) and the capacity to scavenge free radicals (ABTS+). To evaluate the bioavailability and the antioxidant capacity in vivo of the phenolic compounds of CF, an extract of these compounds was administred in the stomach of the rats with a gastric probe (100 mg PP/kg), taking blood samples at different time intervals. Sera were analyzed by HPLC to determine the presence/absence of PP or PP-metabolites. In orther to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the serum FRAP and ABTS methods were used. Results: Cocoa fiber was an excellent source of DF, with a high content of total dietary fiber (TDF), over 60% of the dry matter, made up mainly of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF; 83% of TDF). This fiber had just 1,15% of polyphenols, with low antioxidant activity. After intragastric administration of the PP-rich fraction a fast and measurable absorption of the CF polyphenols was observed, being epicatechin the main PP in blood. The absorption of this PP confers a significant, although transitory increase of the serum antioxidant capacity 10-45 minutes post-gavage; after this time, the antioxidant capacity progressively decreased reaching basal levels after 6 h. Conclusions: Cocoa fiber can be considered as an excellent source of DF, mainly insoluble dietary fiber; therefore, it could be used as an ingredient in fiber-rich functional foods. Besides the benefits derived from its high fiber content, the CF would provide protection against oxidative damage by means of its content in phenolic compounds (epicatechin) wich are absorbed maintaining the antioxidant properties in vivo.

[ES]: Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo era caracterizar la composición de la fibra de cacao, estudiar su contenido en polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante in vitro, e investigar el efecto de la administración de un extracto polifenólico de dicha fibra sobre la capacidad antioxidante en suero de ratas. Material y métodos: Se analizó la composición en fibra dietética (FD) y el contenido polifenólico de la fibra de cacao (FC), así como la capacidad antioxidante mediante la determinación de su poder reductor (FRAP) y de secuestro de radicales libres (ABTS). Asimismo, se administró a ratas Wistar adultas mediante sonda gástrica un extracto rico en polifenoles de cacao (100 mg/kg de peso del animal) procedente de la FC, a fin de estudiar la biodisponibilidad de los mismos, tomándose muestras a distintos intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: La fibra de cacao mostró ser una excelente fuente de FD, con un alto contenido de fibra total, superior al 60% de masa seca, con predominio de fracción insoluble (83%). Esta fibra contuvo sólo un 1,15% de polifenoles, con reducidos valores de capacidad antioxidante. Tras la administración intragástrica de extractos ricos en polifenoles de FC se observó una rápida y apreciable absorción de los polifenoles de la fibra de cacao, siendo la epicatequina el principal polifenol detectado en sangre. Paralelamente se produjo un incremento significativo, aunque transitorio, de la capacidad antioxidante en suero, entre los 10-45 minutos postgavage, momento en que empezó a disminuir hasta alcanzar valores basales al cabo de 6 h. Conclusiones: La FC se puede considerar como una excelente fuente de FD, principalmente de fibra insoluble, por lo que podría ser utilizado como ingrediente en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales enriquecidos en fibra dietética. Además de los beneficios asociados a su elevado contenido en fibra, este producto aportaría protección frente a estrés oxidativo gracias a su contenido en polifenoles (epicatequina) que son absorbidos tras su ingesta contribuyendo a la actividad antioxidante en sangre.

Se agradece el apoyo del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Mateos, R., becaria postdoctoral; Ramos, S., contrato Ramón y Cajal) y del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Lecumberri, E., becaria predoctoral), así como de la empresa Nutrexpa, S. A. y el proyecto AGL2000-1314 de la CICYT.

Peer Reviewed

Keywords

Ratas., Biodisponibilidad, Polifenoles, Bioavailability, Cocoa fiber, Fibra dietética, Polyphenols, Rats. Fibra de cacao, Dietary fiber, Capacidad antioxidante, Antioxidant capacity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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