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Historia económica de Puerto Rico, 1817-siglo XXI

Authors: Santamaría García, Antonio; Ayala, César J.; Bernabé, Rafael;

Historia económica de Puerto Rico, 1817-siglo XXI

Abstract

En el siglo XIX la economía de Puerto Rico atravesó por dos fases inversas. Creció mucho más que en épocas previas fruto de reformas que fomentaron el establecimiento de la plantación esclavista, pero esto ocurrió a la vez que se prohibía la trata en el Caribe inglés (1808) y empezaba un proceso que acabó con la abolición en 1845 y elevó el precio de los esclavos. A tal circunstancia se unieron cambios en la política colonial. España carecía de mercado para la producción agraria de sus Antillas, por lo que articuló un sistema que permitía el libre comercio y extraía renta de él por medios fiscales. Mientras conservó su imperio americano, las islas fueron receptoras netas de capital, financiadas por un situado enviado desde México, que se gastaba en prover al Ejército y en obras de defensa y revertía positivamente en la oferta interna, que además se incentivó con exenciones a la exportación. Al comenzar las independencias hispanoamericanas el situado desapareció pero las reformas prosiguieron. Sin embargo, cuando aquéllas acabaron, varió esta política debido sobre todo a que el progreso de la economía cubana permitía aumentar su aportación al erario metropolitano; el efecto para la boricua fue un estancamiento ya que la plantación no había logrado un desarrollo suficiente para dejar de depender de tales medidas y pagar a un precio mayor los esclavos.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Relaciones Puerto Rico-Estados Unidos, Puerto Rico, Estados Unidos, España, Relaciones Puerto Rico-España, Colonialismo español, Siglos XVIII-XXI, Historia, Historia Económica, Economía

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