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Part of book or chapter of book . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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Fundamentos de Evolución Molecular Dirigida de Enzimas

Authors: Alcalde Galeote, Miguel;

Fundamentos de Evolución Molecular Dirigida de Enzimas

Abstract

La evolución molecular dirigida es una poderosa herramienta de ingeniería de proteínas con la capacidad de mejorar características determinadas o de crear nuevas funciones enzimáticas no requeridas en ambientes naturales. En ella, el científico emula en el laboratorio los procesos claves de la evolución natural (mutación, recombinación y selección) y lo hace de tal manera que es posible diseñar enzimas de gran interés científico y tecnológico. La diversidad genética se recrea mediante mutaciones introducidas de manera aleatoria y/o recombinaciones en el material genético que codifica para las proteínas de interés. Después esta variabilidad génica se expresa y explora en las condiciones en las que se quiere mejorar la enzima. A continuación se escogen las mejores variantes de la generación creada, y se emplean como parentales en un nuevo ciclo de evolución, repitiendo este proceso tantas veces como sea necesario, hasta que se consiga el biocatalizador con las cualidades deseadas: estabilidad a altas temperaturas o en medios no convencionales, mejor eficiencia catalítica, actividad frente a nuevos sustratos, etc. Este capítulo constituye una revisión general acerca de la metodología de evolución dirigida, comentando el proceso, sus virtudes y debilidades así como las diferentes alternativas en diseño evolutivo.

Directed Molecular Evolution is a powerful protein-engineering tool to improve known features or to generate novel enzymatic functions not required in natural environments. The scientist recreates in the laboratory the key events in natural evolution (mutation, DNA-recombination and selection), thereby making it possible to design scientifically interesting and technologically useful enzymes. Diversity is mimicked by random mutagenesis and/or recombination in the gene/s encoding a specific protein/s. Afterwards this genetic diversity is expressed and explored under the conditions in which one wants to improve the enzyme. Thus, the best performers in each generation are selected and further used as the parental types for a new round of evolution. The process is repeated as many times as necessary, until a biocatalyst is obtained with the desired traits: stability at high temperature or in organic solvents; improved catalytic activities; higher specificity; etc. This chapter constitutes a general overview about the methodology of directed evolution, giving insights in the process, merits and flaws as well as the different possibilities available in evolution design.

Esta investigación ha sido parcialmente financiada a través de los proyectos europeos (NMP4-SL-2009-229255, FP7-KBBE-2010- 4.26537, COST Action CM0701) y el Proyecto Nacional BIO2010-19697.

28 páginas, 6 figuras

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Hospedador heterólogo, Evolución molecular dirigida, High-throughput screening, Generación de diversidad

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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