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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2013
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2013
License: CC BY NC ND
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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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Materiales de carbono micro-mesoporosos obtenidos mediante nanomoldeo

Authors: Enterría González, Marina;

Materiales de carbono micro-mesoporosos obtenidos mediante nanomoldeo

Abstract

[ES] El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el desarrollo de nuevos métodos de síntesis que permitan la preparación de materiales de carbono con una estructura ordenada y con una porosidad bimodal en el intervalo de los micro-mesoporos. Para ello, se han abordado tres metodologías diferentes cuyo denominador común ha sido el uso del nanomoldeo como técnica de control de tamaño de poro: i) desarrollo de la microporosidad, mediante activación física o química, en carbones mesoporosos ordenados; ii) replicación mediante depósito de carbono en fase vapor de aluminosilicatos micro-mesoporosos y iii) síntesis “one-pot” de carbones jerárquicos mediante el co-ensamblaje de silicatos, copolímeros de bloque y precursores de carbono derivados de la biomasa. En los tres métodos se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sistemático de las variables de preparación y se han relacionado éstas con la porosidad y la estructura de los carbones obtenidos. La activación física de carbones mesoporosos ordenados produce un considerable aumento de la microporosidad y un ensanchamiento colateral de la mesoporosidad. En el caso de la activación química, la microporosidad aumenta al aumentar la temperatura de activación y la cantidad de agente activante, pero provoca un gran deterioro de la estructura mesoporosa ordenada cuando las condiciones de activación son fuertes. Para solventar este problema, se planteó una metodología novedosa consistente en la activación directa del material compuesto carbón/plantilla. Así, se consiguen preparar carbones jerárquicos con superficies específicas mayores de 1700 m2/g preservando la estructura ordenada de los mismos. La segunda ruta permitió ejercer un verdadero control tanto de la porosidad como de la estructura. Se prepararon aluminosilicatos formados por un núcleo microporoso de zeolita y una capa mesoporosa de sílice ordenada. Se establecieron las condiciones óptimas para la infiltración de tanto la micro como la mesoporosidad de estas plantillas. Mediante esta estrategia se obtuvieron carbones altamente ordenados con estructura núcleo/ corteza y con áreas superficiales de hasta 1323 m2/g En la tercera ruta se ajustan las interacciones entre el agente director de estructura, el precursor de silicio y el precursor carbonoso mediante la variación de las condiciones de síntesis en un proceso sol-gel. La principal ventaja de esta última ruta es su simplicidad ya que es un proceso “one-pot” mediante el cual se obtuvieron de manera sencilla carbones con porosidad jerárquica

[EN] The main aim of the present work is to develop new synthetic methods that allow the preparation of carbon materials with an ordered structure and bimodal porosity in the micro-mesopore range. To this end, three different approaches, using nanocasting as pore control technique, have been followed: i) microporosity development, by physical or chemical activation, in ordered mesoporous carbons ii) replication of micro-mesoporous alumininosilicates by chemical vapor deposition and iii) "one-pot" synthesis of hierarchical carbons by co-assembly of silicates, block copolymers and carbon precursors derived from biomass. In the three mentioned methods it was performed a systematic study of the preparation variables and they have been related with the porosity and structure of the obtained carbons. Physical activation of ordered mesoporous carbons results in a considerable microporosity increase and a collateral mesoporosity widening. In the case of chemical activation, microporosity increases with increasing activation temperature and/or activating agent proportion; nevertheless, at strong activation conditions it causes great deterioration of the ordered mesoporous network. To solve this problem, a novel method involving the direct activation of the carbon/template composite was proposed. Thus, carbons with a hierarchical porosity and surface areas up to 1700 m2/g were achieved whilst the ordered mesostructure was preserved. The second route accomplishes a real control of both the porosity and the structure. Hierarchical aluminosilicates with microporous core and mesoporous shell were prepared. Optimum infiltration conditions were established in order to correctly infiltrate both micro and mesoporosity of the prepared templates. Using this strategy carbons with core/shell structure and surface areas from up to 1323 m2 /g were obtained. In the third route the interactions between the structure directing agent, the silica precursor and the carbon precursor were adjusted by varying synthesis conditions of a sol-gel process in order to obtain hierarchical carbons. The main advantage of this route is its simplicity since it is a “one-pot” process.

Tesis doctoral presentada en el Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica de la Universidad de Oviedo. Mayo de 2013

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Química del estado sólido, Propiedades de materiales, Microporosity, Carbono, Carbon materials, Nanocasting, Microporosidad, Química inorgánica, Materiales carbonosos, Nanomoldeo

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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