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handle: 10261/79028
[ES] El efecto de los retornos de riego sobre la calidad de las masas de agua receptoras viene definido por la masa de contaminantes que transportan, lo que justifica el interés en establecer las masas de contaminantes (como sales y nitrato) exportadas desde zonas regables. El cálculo de las masas exportadas diariamente como producto de una medida puntual de concentración por el caudal medio diario (procedimiento usual en la red Recor-Ebro, R-E, de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro) puede dar lugar a sesgos según la hora de muestreo elegido en presencia de ciclos diarios de caudal o concentración. Los posibles sesgos en la masa exportada de sales y nitrato debidos a la hora de muestreo se analizaron en el año hidrológico 2011 en el río Alcanadre en Ballobar, una de las estaciones del la red R-E, a partir de los datos de mayor frecuencia de la red SAICA. Se detectaron sesgos significativos en algunas horas para las sales y el nitrato, aunque de muy escasa magnitud (<3%), así como para la de amonio (con mayores diferencias respecto a los valores medios diarios) y se definieron también las horas menos aconsejables para determinar las masas exportadas de sales, nitrato y amonio.
[EN] The effect of irrigation return flows upon the quality of the receiving water bodies is determined by their pollutant loads, pointing to the interest in establishing the mass of pollutants (such as salts and nitrate) exported from irrigated areas. In the presence of daily cycles in flow or concentration, the estimation of pollutant loads as the product of grab sample concentrations and mean daily flows (the usual method in the Recor-Ebro network of the Ebro Basin Authority) may lead to biased estimates depending on the sampling time chosen. The possible biases in salt and nitrate loads induced by the sampling time were analyzed in the Alcanadre River station (one of the R-E network stations) during the hydrologic year 2011 from the higher-frequency data of the SAICA network. Significant biases were detected for salts and nitrate loads, though very small (<3%), and also for ammonium (with higher differences with the average daily values). The sampling times less appropriate for the estimation of salt, nitrate and ammonium loads were also established.
Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del convenio de colaboración entre la Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro y el Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón para la “Evaluación del impacto medioambiental de las actividades agrarias en la Cuenca del Ebro” y del proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i AGL2010-21681-C03-03.
10 Pags., 3 Tabls., 4 Figs.
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