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Y-Chromosome Analysis in Retuertas Horses

تحليل الكروموسوم Y في خيول ريتويرتاس
Authors: Claudia Brandariz-Fontes; Jennifer A. Leonard; José Luis Vega-Pla; Niclas Backström; Gabriella Lindgren; Sebastian Lippold; Ciro Rico;

Y-Chromosome Analysis in Retuertas Horses

Abstract

Plusieurs études basées sur une variété de marqueurs génétiques ont tenté d'établir les origines de la domestication du cheval. Jusqu'à présent, une divergence entre les résultats de l'analyse de l'ADN mitochondrial, qui montrent des niveaux élevés de diversité, et les résultats du chromosome Y, avec presque aucune variabilité génétique, a été identifiée. La plupart des travaux antérieurs sur le chromosome Y du cheval se sont concentrés sur des races répandues et populaires ou des races asiatiques locales. Il est possible que ces races représentent un ensemble réduit de la variation génétique présente dans l'espèce. Une variation génétique supplémentaire peut être présente chez les races locales et les anciennes populations sauvages, telles que le cheval Retuertas en Espagne. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé le chromosome Y du cheval Retuertas, une population de chevaux sauvages de la péninsule ibérique âgée d'au moins plusieurs centaines d'années, dont la diversité génétique et la morphologie suggèrent qu'elle a été longtemps isolée sur le plan de la reproduction. Les données du cheval Retuertas ont été comparées à celles de 11 autres races de la région (Portugal, Espagne et France) ou probablement d'origine ibérique, puis à celles de 15 autres races du monde entier. Nous avons séquencé 31 introns, la protéine chromosomique Y à doigt de zinc (ZFY) et des fragments anonymes liés à Y et génotypé 6 loci microsatellites trouvés sur le chromosome Y. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune variation de séquence entre tous les individus et toutes les races étudiés. Cependant, quinze différences ont été découvertes entre notre ensemble de données et les séquences de référence dans GenBank. Nous montrons que ceux-ci représentent probablement des erreurs dans les séquences déposées et suggérons qu'ils ne devraient pas être utilisés comme données comparatives pour des projets futurs.

Varios estudios basados en una variedad de marcadores genéticos han intentado establecer los orígenes de la domesticación del caballo. Hasta ahora se ha identificado una discrepancia entre los resultados del análisis de ADN mitocondrial, que muestran altos niveles de diversidad, y los resultados del cromosoma Y, con casi ninguna variabilidad genética. La mayoría de los trabajos anteriores sobre el cromosoma Y del caballo se han centrado en razas populares generalizadas o razas asiáticas locales. Es posible que estas razas representen un conjunto reducido de la variación genética presente en la especie. La variación genética adicional puede estar presente en razas locales y poblaciones silvestres antiguas, como el caballo Retuertas en España. En este estudio analizamos el cromosoma Y del caballo Retuertas, una población de caballos salvajes en la Península Ibérica que tiene al menos varios cientos de años de edad, y cuya diversidad genética y morfología sugiere que ha estado aislado reproductivamente durante mucho tiempo. Los datos del caballo Retuertas se compararon con otras 11 razas de la región (Portugal, España y Francia) o probablemente de origen ibérico, y luego con datos de 15 razas más de todo el mundo. Secuenciamos 31 intrones, la proteína del cromosoma Y con dedos de zinc (ZFY) y fragmentos anónimos unidos a Y y 6 loci de microsatélites genotipados que se encuentran en el cromosoma Y. No encontramos ninguna variación de secuencia entre todos los individuos y todas las razas estudiadas. Sin embargo, se descubrieron quince diferencias entre nuestro conjunto de datos y las secuencias de referencia en GenBank. Mostramos que estos probablemente representan errores dentro de las secuencias depositadas, y sugerimos que no deben usarse como datos comparativos para futuros proyectos.

Several studies based on a variety of genetic markers have attempted to establish the origins of horse domestication. Thus far a discrepancy between the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis, which show high levels of diversity, and results from the Y-chromosome, with almost no genetic variability, has been identified. Most previous work on the horse Y-chromosome has focused on widespread, popular breeds or local Asian breeds. It is possible that these breeds represent a reduced set of the genetic variation present in the species. Additional genetic variation may be present in local breeds and ancient feral populations, such as the Retuertas horse in Spain. In this study we analyzed the Y-chromosome of the Retuertas horse, a feral horse population on the Iberian Peninsula that is at least several hundred years old, and whose genetic diversity and morphology suggests that it has been reproductively isolated for a long time. Data from the Retuertas horse was compared to another 11 breeds from the region (Portugal, Spain and France) or likely of Iberian origin, and then to data from 15 more breeds from around the globe. We sequenced 31 introns, Zinc finger Y-chromosomal protein (ZFY) and anonymous Y-linked fragments and genotyped 6 microsatellite loci found on the Y-chromosome. We found no sequence variation among all individuals and all breeds studied. However, fifteen differences were discovered between our data set and reference sequences in GenBank. We show that these likely represent errors within the deposited sequences, and suggest that they should not be used as comparative data for future projects.

حاولت العديد من الدراسات القائمة على مجموعة متنوعة من العلامات الجينية تحديد أصول تدجين الخيول. حتى الآن تم تحديد تناقض بين نتائج تحليل الحمض النووي للميتوكوندريا، والتي تظهر مستويات عالية من التنوع، والنتائج من الكروموسوم Y، مع عدم وجود تنوع وراثي تقريبًا. ركزت معظم الأعمال السابقة على كروموسوم Y للحصان على السلالات الشائعة على نطاق واسع أو السلالات الآسيوية المحلية. من الممكن أن تمثل هذه السلالات مجموعة مخفضة من التباين الجيني الموجود في الأنواع. قد يكون هناك تباين جيني إضافي في السلالات المحلية والسكان الوحشيين القدماء، مثل حصان ريتويرتاس في إسبانيا. في هذه الدراسة، قمنا بتحليل كروموسوم Y لحصان ريتويرتاس، وهو حصان وحشي في شبه الجزيرة الأيبيرية لا يقل عمره عن عدة مئات من السنين، ويشير تنوعه الجيني ومورفولوجيته إلى أنه تم عزله بشكل تكاثري لفترة طويلة. تمت مقارنة البيانات من حصان ريتويرتاس بـ 11 سلالة أخرى من المنطقة (البرتغال وإسبانيا وفرنسا) أو من المحتمل أن تكون من أصل إيبيري، ثم إلى بيانات من 15 سلالة أخرى من جميع أنحاء العالم. قمنا بتسلسل 31 إنترون، وبروتين كروموسوم Y بإصبع الزنك (ZFY) وشظايا مجهولة مرتبطة بـ Y و 6 مواقع للأقمار الصناعية الدقيقة تم العثور عليها على كروموسوم Y. لم نجد أي تباين في التسلسل بين جميع الأفراد وجميع السلالات التي تمت دراستها. ومع ذلك، تم اكتشاف خمسة عشر اختلافًا بين مجموعة بياناتنا والتسلسلات المرجعية في بنك الجينات. نظهر أن هذه من المحتمل أن تمثل أخطاء داخل التسلسلات المودعة، ونقترح عدم استخدامها كبيانات مقارنة للمشاريع المستقبلية.

Country
Sweden
Keywords

Male, Genotype, Science, Population, Genetic Structure, Evolutionary biology, Chromosome, Gene, Genetic diversity, Domestication, Sociology, Y Chromosome, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Naturvetenskap, Autosome, Genetics, Animals, Horses, Genetic variation, Biology, Demography, Allele, Y chromosome, Q, R, Life Sciences, Microsatellite, FOS: Sociology, Europe, Genetic Loci, Genetic Architecture of Quantitative Traits, FOS: Biological sciences, Genomic Selection in Plant and Animal Breeding, Medicine, Female, Population Genetic Structure and Dynamics, Natural Sciences, Research Article, Microsatellite Repeats

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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