The Mediterranean basin is characterized by the existence of a geological anomaly of large cinnabar deposits which are part of a mercury-containing belt that encircles the Earth, and lies mainly in the area of Spain, Tunisia, Italy, Slovenia and Turkey. In fact, approximately 65% of the world's mercury resources are contained in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, the influence of these mineralized areas on mercury contamination has been estimated and indicates the significance of the Almaden mineral deposits (the largest producer of mercury in the world). Nevertheless, this mercury district - located almost 400 km away from the Mediterranean coastline does not greatly participate in the mercury pollution 01 the Mediterranean basin. There are, however, two previously unknown mercury-bearing mineralized areas - Las Herrerías and Valle del Azogue - which have not been taken into account in the mercury pollution of the south-west Mediterranean margin.

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