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handle: 10261/75504
[ES] La Provincia Volcánica de Galápagos (PVG) es resultado de la interacción entre el punto caliente de Galápagos y la dorsal de Cocos-Nazca durante los últimos ~20 m.a. Esta interacción ininterrumpida ha producido un exceso de magmatismo de variable intensidad que ha originado las cordilleras submarinas de Carnegie, Cocos y Malpelo, y su producto actual, la plataforma insular de Galápagos. En este trabajo mostramos que la combinación de observaciones geofísicas, en este caso sísmicas, gravimétricas y batimétricas, permite no sólo determinar la estructura interna y propiedades físicas de la corteza, sino también restringir notablemente la naturaleza y funcionamiento del punto caliente. La estructura cortical obtenida con datos sísmicos muestra una gran uniformidad confirmando que toda la provincia es producto de un único proceso. Las variaciones laterales de densidad cortical asociadas a la presencia de las cordilleras explican las anomalías batimétricas y gravimétricas observadas, lo cual implica que el manto bajo las cordilleras submarinas es uniforme. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado un modelo 2-D de fusión del manto para ilustrar que la corteza de las cordilleras no parece ser producto de un manto anómalamente caliente, aún cuando se incluyan una fuente hidratada o tasas de ascensión rápidas. Por el contrario, una ascensión pasiva, en respuesta a la expansión oceánica, de un manto de temperatura normal, pero heterogéneo y fértil como resultado del enriquecimiento por reciclaje de corteza oceánica, explica de forma natural las observaciones geofísicas. Esta interpretación es consistente con la presencia de una anomalía de baja velocidad concentrada específicamente en el manto superior que se obtiene en los modelos de tomografía global
[EN] The Galápagos Volcanic Province has resulted from the interaction between the Galápagos hotspot and the Cocos- Nazca spreading center during the last 20 m.y. This continuous interaction has produced an excess of magmatism of variable intensity that has originated the submarine aseismic ridges of Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelo, as well as its current product, the Galápagos platform. In this work, we show that the combination of geophysical observations (in this case seismic, gravity and bathymetry data) allows (1) determining the internal structure and physical properties of the lithosphere and (2) constraining the nature and functioning of the hotspot. The crustal structure modelled based on wide-angle seismic data is notably uniform, confirming that the whole province is probably the result of a single, long-standing process. The lateral variations of the crustal density associated to the presence of the aseismic ridges account for the observed gravity and bathymetry anomalies, implying that the lithospheric mantle density beneath them is uniform. We have finally developed a 2D melting model to illustrate that the crust of the different aseismic ridges does not seem to be the product of a thermal anomaly, even if we consider the presence of a hydrous mantle source or considerably active mantle upwelling. In contrast, passive upwelling of a normal temperature but fertile mantle source that may result from recycling of oceanic crust prior to melting, accounts more easily for the geophysical observations. This interpretation is consistent with the presence of a low velocity anomaly specifically concentrated in the upper mantle obtained in global tomography models
17 pages, 7 figures
Peer Reviewed
RELIEF SOUS MARIN, MODELE, VOLCAN, MAGMATISME, GEOPHYSIQUE
RELIEF SOUS MARIN, MODELE, VOLCAN, MAGMATISME, GEOPHYSIQUE
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