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DIGITAL.CSIC
Conference object . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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Autoprogramadores para coberturas de riego por aspersión

Authors: Zapata Ruiz, María Valvanera; Anadón Herrera, Raquel; Salvador Esteban, Raquel; Cavero Campo, José; Lecina Brau, Sergio; Playán Jubillar, Enrique;

Autoprogramadores para coberturas de riego por aspersión

Abstract

[ES] La aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías al control y automatización de las actividades de riego está adquiriendo gran relevancia en la última década. Mientras que la automatización de le ejecución del riego (a través de los programadores de riego) ya está muy extendida, la generación automática y ejecución de calendarios de riego está recibiendo actualmente gran atención debido a los sistemas de telecontrol instalados en las comunidades de regantes recién modernizadas. En este trabajo se presenta un prototipo de autoprogramador de riego para cobertura totales de riego por aspersión. El prototipo consta de un hardware y de un software. El software, llamado Ador-control, está integrado por cinco módulos: Ador-Aspersión, Ador-Cultivo, Ador-Red, Ador-Decisión y Ador-comunicación. Los cuatro primeros módulos simulan las trayectorias de las gotas emitidas por cada aspersor y su distribución en el suelo, el crecimiento del cultivo y su producción y la ordenación del riego de los diferentes hidrantes y sectores que componen la red. El último módulo asegura la comunicación bidireccional entre el software y el hardaware. Las variables de decisión, que tienen que ser calibradas para las condiciones técnicas y meteorológicas locales, se basan en índices de productividad del cultivo (índices de calidad del riego y de producción del cultivo). El hardware es un prototipo que traduce las órdenes generadas por el software a órdenes eléctricas de apertura y cierre de válvulas y trasfiere al software información de los sensores locales que controla. Se realizó un experimento de campo para validar el funcionamiento del prototipo de autoprogramador de riego sobre una parcela cultivada de maíz a lo largo de dos campañas de riego. Se realizó un experimento de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones para analizar tres tratamientos de riego diferentes: T0) Tratamiento manual simula la programación de un agricultor avanzado.; T1) Tratamiento automático de bajo nivel en el que la programación automática está controlada por un índice simulado de agua disponible en el suelo y otro índice de calidad del riego; T2) Tratamiento automático avanzado, controlado por índices simulados de producción del cultivo y de calidad del riego. Los resultados experimentales de los dos años de ensayos indican que los tratamientos automáticos T1 y T2 resultaron en producciones similares a las obtenidas con el tratamiento manual T0, con ahorros en la cantidad de agua aplicada desde el 10% (entre T0 y T1) hasta el 18% (cuando se compara T0 con T2).

[EN] The application of new technologies to the control and automation of irrigation processes is becoming very important in the last decade. While the automation of irrigation execution (through irrigation controllers) is now widespread, the automatic generation and execution of irrigation schedules is receiving growing attention. In this paper, a prototype automatic irrigation controller for solid-set systems is presented. The device is composed by software and hardware developments. The software was named Ador-Control, and it integrates five components: Ador-Sprinkler, Ador-Crop, Ador-Network, Ador-Decision and Ador-Communications. The first four modules simulate drop trajectories emitted by each sprinkler, water distribution in the soil and crop growth and yield, and water allocation to a solid-set field. The last module ensures bidirectional communication between software, hardware and communication networks. Decision variables based on irrigation, soil and crop performance indexes were used to make real-time irrigation decisions. The hardware is a research prototype translating the irrigation schedules into electrical orders (opening or closing solenoid valves) and establishing a path for communication with the software. A field experiment was designed to test and validate the automatic controller over a corn crop during two irrigation seasons. A randomized experimental design with four replicates was used to analyze three treatments: T0) a manual programmer acting as an advanced farmer; T1) automatic scheduling controlled by indexes based on the simulated water content in the soil and irrigation performance; and T2) advanced automatic scheduling controlled by simulated thresholds of crop and irrigation performance indexes. Experimental results in 2009 and 2010 indicated that automatic irrigation treatments resulted in similar maize yield than manual scheduling. Automatic irrigation used significantly less water than manual irrigation (10% between T0 and T1, and 18% between T0 and T2). Differences in water productivity were very relevant.

Este trabajo ha sido realizado con la ayuda financiera del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación mediante el proyecto AGL2010-21681.

8 Pags., 1 Tabl., 4 Figs.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Suelos y riegos, Riego por aspersión, Modernización, Automatización, Gestión

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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