Abstract Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopamine cell loss of the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine may destroy dopamine neurons through oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is a cofactor of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins that enhances state-4 respiration and eliminate superoxides. Here we report that short-term oral administration of coenzyme Q induces nigral mitochondrial uncoupling and prevents dopamine cell loss after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine administration in monkeys.