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DIGITAL.CSIC
Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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Mecanismos de biodegradación de la lignina

Authors: Gutiérrez Suárez, Ana; Martínez, Ángel T.;

Mecanismos de biodegradación de la lignina

Abstract

[ES]: En la presente revisión se realiza una actualización de varios aspectos del proceso de biodegradación de la lignina, haciendo hincapié en tres conceptos: a) la naturaleza multienzimática del ataque a la lignina, b) la importancia de algunos metabolitos aromáticos sintetizados por los hongos, y c) la compartimentalización del proceso de biodegradación. En relación con el primer punto, además de las peroxidasas que oxidan el polímero de lignina, hay que considerar las enzimas que reducen los radicales liberados durante la degradación (evitando su repolimerización) y los sistemas enzimáticos que generan peróxido de hidrógeno. En segundo lugar, algunos metabolitos aromáticos sintetizados por los hongos (p.ej. el alcohol veratrílico) desempeñan un papel importante en la degradación, actuando como intermediarios y permitiendo el cierre del ciclo catalítico de las peroxidasas ligninolíticas cuando éstas actúan sobre compuestos de elevado potencial rédox. Finalmente, la eficaz degradación de la lignina por los hongos parece, en gran medida, el resultado de la acción coordinada de enzimas intracelulares yextracelulares, una parte de las cuales parecen encontrarse inmovilizadas en la vaina de polisacárido que rodea al micelio.

[EN]: In the present review several aspects of the lignin biodegradation process are updated, with special emphasis on three concepts: a) the multienzymatic nature of lignin attack, b) the importance of aromatic metabolites synthesized by fungi, and c) the compartimentalization of the biodegradation process. In relation to the first point, it is necessary lo consider, together with the peroxidases oxidizing the lignin polymer, the enzymes reducing the radícals released during degradation (preventíng repolymerization), and the enzymatic systems generating hydrogen peroxide. Secondly, some aromatic compounds synthesized by fungi play an important role in degradation, acting as intermediates in oxidation reactions and allowing the catalytic cycle of the ligninolytic peroxidases lo be completed when Ihey oxidize high redoxpotential compounds. Finally, Ihe effective degradation of lignin by fungi seems the result of the joint aclion of intracellular and extracellular enzymes, some of them being immobilízed in the polysaccharide sheath surrounding the mycelium.

Ana Gutiérrez agradece la financiación recibida a través de una beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario.

6 páginas, 7 figuras, 52 referencias.

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Basidiomycetes, Exopolysaccharide, Basidiomicetos, Veratryl alcohol, Biodegradation, Lignina, Enzimas ligninolíticas, Exopolisacárido, Biodegradación, Lignin, Alcohol veratrílico, Enzymes

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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