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Revista de Neurología
Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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Quimiorreceptores arteriales: mecanismos celulares y moleculares de las funciones adaptativa y homeostática del cuerpo carotídeo

Authors: González, Constancio; Rocher, Asunción; Zapata, Patricio;

Quimiorreceptores arteriales: mecanismos celulares y moleculares de las funciones adaptativa y homeostática del cuerpo carotídeo

Abstract

[ES]:El cuerpo carotídeo es un quimiorreceptor sensorial situado cerca de la bifurcación carotídea. Desde el punto de vista estructural, está constituido por islotes celulares formados por dos tipos de células: las células quimiorreceptoras propiamente dichas y las células sustentaculares. Las terminaciones nerviosas sensoriales del nervio del seno carotídeo penetran en dichos islotes y establecen contactos sinápticos con las células quimiorreceptoras. El cuerpo carotídeo desempeña un papel importante en el control de la ventilación durante la hipoxia, la hipercapnia y la acidosis. La hipoxia y los demás estímulos naturales son detectados por las células quimiorreceptoras, a las que estimulan y hacen aumentar su tasa de secreción de neurotransmisores. Dichos neurotransmisores, a su vez, aumentan la frecuencia de potenciales de acción en el nervio del seno carotídeo, el cual, a través de sus proyecciones centrales hacia el tronco del encéfalo, activa la ventilación. La presente revisión se centra en los aspectos celulares de la función de este órgano quimiorreceptor. Partimos de una breve descripción de la estructura del cuerpo carotídeo para presentar seguidamente, de forma resumida, las principales teorías vigentes sobre los mecanismos de transducción para los estímulos hipóxico y ácido/hipercápnico, haciendo un énfasis especial en las propiedades eléctricas de las células quimiorreceptoras en cultivo. Hacemos también una mención especial del posible significado de las especies reactivas de oxígeno como mediadores de la cascada de transducción hipóxica. Se revisa también con cierto detalle la neurotransmisión entre las células quimiorreceptoras y las terminaciones nerviosas sensoriales. Tras una breve reseña histórica de las teorías de comunicación entre dichas estructuras, y siguiendo siempre los criterios clásicos de neurotransmisión, examinamos el significado funcional de la acetilcolina, la dopamina, la sustancia P y otros neurotransmisores que están presentes en las células quimiorreceptoras.

[EN]: The carotid body is a sensory chemoreceptor organ located in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation. Structurally it is composed of cell clusters formed by chemoreceptor and supporting cells. The sensory nerve endings of the carotid sinus nerve penetrate the clusters to synapse with chemoreceptor cells. The carotid body plays an important role in the control of ventilation during hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis. Hypoxia and other natural stimuli are detected by chemoreceptor cells which upon stimulation increase their rate of release of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters in turn increase the action potential frequency in the carotid sinus nerve which via its central projections to the brainstem activates ventilation. This review is devoted to the cellular aspects of the function of this chemoreceptor organ. From a brief description of the complex structure of the carotid body, we go to present a summary of the main prevailing theories concerning the transduction mechanisms for hypoxic and acidic/hypercapnic stimuli, with special emphasis on the electrical properties of cultured chemoreceptors cells. A special attention is provided to the possible significance of reactive oxygen species as mediators of the hypoxic transduction cascade. The neurotransmission between chemoreceptor cells and the sensory nerve endings is also covered in certain detail. After a brief historical presentation of the theories of communication between these two structures, we examine, following the classical criteria of neurotransmission, the functional significance of acetylcholine, dopamine, substance P and other neurotransmitters known to be present in chemoreceptor cells.

Trabajo financiado por la DGICYT, proyecto BFI2001-1713. El trabajo de P. Zapata es financiado por el proyecto 1010951 de CONICYT.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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