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Respuesta del maíz (Zea mays) en suelos contaminados por metales pesados después de crecer una comunidad de pasto

Authors: Pastor Piñeiro, Jesús; Gutiérrez Ginés, Mª Jesús; Hernández, Ana Jesús;

Respuesta del maíz (Zea mays) en suelos contaminados por metales pesados después de crecer una comunidad de pasto

Abstract

En la actualidad existen comunidades de pasto afectadas por un conjunto de metales pesados existentes en la capa superficial de los suelos como consecuencia de antiguas explotaciones mineras abandonadas. Algunas de ellas están siendo sustituidas por cultivos forrajeros. El estudio llevado a cabo en este trabajo trata de conocer la respuesta del maíz a este tipo de situaciones, mediante un bioensayo realizado en mesocosmos en condiciones controladas durante 3 meses, con suelos procedentes del tipo de sistemas aludidos. El maíz fue sembrado después de dos años en que se cosecharon a ras del suelo las plantas de pasto existentes en el banco de semillas de los mesocosmos utilizados. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis químico de parte aérea y radicular de plantas de maíz crecidas en un total de 30 suelos con más de un metal pesado por encima de los niveles admitidos (22 suelos ácidos y 8 básicos), y con 3 réplicas de cada uno de ellos, muestran la capacidad de extracción que el maíz tiene de los metales todavía presentes en los mismos. Se valoran los resultados como especie acumuladora de Al, Mn, Zn, As y Cd (altas concentraciones en parte aérea), por las consecuencias que tiene esta especie utilizada como forrajera si se cultiva en emplazamientos con suelos contaminados por metales.

Nowadays some grassland communities are affected by a set of heavy metals from the topsoil layer. These are consequences of mining operations that were abandoned long time ago. Some of them are being replaced by forage crops. The study presented here attempts to know the response of corn crop to those situations, by means of a bioassay carried out for 3 months in mesocosms under controlled conditions, with soils from these mentioned type of sites. Grass from seedbank grown in mesocosms was harvested for two years before corn was sown. The results of chemical analysis of shoot and root of corn plants grown in a total of 30 soils with more than a heavy metal above accepted levels (22 acidic and 8 basic soils), and 3 replicates of each, showed the extraction capacity of this plant of metals still present in them. Results were assessed as an accumulator species of Al, Mn, Zn, As and Cd (high concentrations in shoots), due to the consequences of the use of this species as forage when is grown on sites with soils polluted by metals.

Ponencia presentada a la 51 Reunión Científica de la SEEP celebrada en la Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Pública de Navarra entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2012.

Estudio financiado con el Proyecto CTM 2008-04827/TECNO del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y al Programa P2009/AMB-1478ª (EIADES, de la CM).

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Bioacumulación, Animal health, Fitoestabilización, Phytostabilization, Bioaccumulation, Salud animal

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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