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La organización socio-política de los Populi del noroeste de la península Ibérica Un estudio de antropología política histórica comparada

Authors: García Quintela, Marco V.;

La organización socio-política de los Populi del noroeste de la península Ibérica Un estudio de antropología política histórica comparada

Abstract

[ES] La organización sociopolítica de los habitantes prerromanos del noroeste peninsular se ha explicado tradicionalmente a partir de los epígrafes que contienen la llamada 'C invertida'. Este libro propone considerar que existe información en textos literarios y en análisis arqueológicos que es pertinente para la cuestión. Sin embargo, surge la pregunta sobre la calidad de la información transmitida por el geógrafo griego Estrabón sobre el Noroeste prerromano. La respuesta no puede ser directa. El capítulo 1 compara lo que dice Estrabón sobre cuestiones sociopolíticas con la información suministrada por la arqueología y por otros textos etnográficos. Se concluye que describe un modo de vida y una organización política verosímil. Esta constatación se verifica de dos formas. En el capítulo 2 situándonos en el horizonte de los lectores de Estrabón. De este modo constatamos que el texto de Estrabón acerca de las medidas de los romanos sobre las poblaciones recién conquistadas, entendido literalmente, es de naturaleza jurídico política, sin cambios sustanciales en la ocupación del territorio. Pero Estrabón dice muy poco sobre la jerarquía indígena, sin embargo conocemos principes citados por los epígrafes más antiguos. El capítulo 3 sistematiza la información que existe sobre ellos en el contexto de las jerarquías indígenas peninsulares y su utilización por los romanos. Se concluye que la institución del rex amicus podría haber sido la utilizada por los romanos para efectuar las agrupaciones territoriales descritas por Estrabón, siendo los citados principes sus beneficiarios locales. Nos encontramos ante una organización sociopolítica coherente que se transforma tras la conquista siguiendo unas líneas claras. ¿Pero es el resultado obtenido un único histórico o cuenta con paralelos que confirmen o maticen el resultado obtenido? La segunda forma de verificación consiste en el examen de la organización sociopolítica de diversas etnias conquistadas por Roma. La conclusión es que se detecta en esos diferentes horizontes una dialéctica entre formas de agrupación política compleja ('imperios') y estructuras laxas o de tamaño muy reducido. Los 'imperios' responden a situaciones de guerra y Roma construye sobre ellos el poder de reges amici, las formas laxas derivan de 'imperios' en crisis por causas diversas. El capítulo 5 propone un modelo de organización sociopolítica vigente entre las poblaciones célticas, diferente del modelo político del mundo Mediterráneo con paralelos en algunas sociedades de jefatura estudiadas por los antropólogos.

[EN]The socio-political organization of pre-roman population in the Spanish northwest was usually explained with the help of epigraphs, which shows the so-called 'inverted C'. This book follows another way; it considers that literary texts and archaeological data are available to explain that subject. Nevertheless the question arises about the reliability of information on Spanish NW compiled by the Greek geographer Strabo. Chapter 1 compares Strabo's text about socio-political questions with archaeology and other ethnographic texts. It appears that the way of life and the political organization showed are credible. There are two ways of verification. Chapter 2 seeks Strabo's readers. By this way we can understand Strabo's text about roman policies on recently conquered populations, their nature are political and juridical, without important changes in the habitat patterns. But Strabo tells little on indigenous social hierarchy, and we know principes in the oldest local epigraphs. Chapter 3 summarizes the knowledge on them in the context of peninsular indigenous hierarchies and their utilization by Romans. It is concluded that the roman institution of the rex amicus could be employed by Romans to articulate the territorial groupings cited by Strabo, being our principes the local beneficiaries. We find, then, a coherent socio political organization, deciphered with the help of the different kinds of sources, and transformed after de Roman conquest following clear lines. But is this a historical unicum or finds some parallels to confirm, clarify or negate the result reached? Chapter 4 treats the second form of verification. It consists in a series of little monographs on the socio political questions about different peoples conquered by Rome. The conclusion is that there exists in different places a dialectic in time between complex political unities ('empires') and small organizations. The 'empires' appear in war situations and sometimes Rome builds over them the power of their reges amici, the little organizations derive of 'empires' in crisis for endogenous or exogenous causes. Chapter 5 proposes a model for the socio-political organizations of Celtic populations, which is different of the Mediterranean political model. Also, that model is not exclusive of Celts, it has parallels in some chiefferies studied by anthropologists.

Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA)

Concello de A Coruña.

Peer reviewed

Keywords

Método comparativo, etnografía antigua, método comparativo, Iron Age, Historia antigua, Iron age, Ancient History, Comparative methods, Laboratorio de Arqueología del Paisaje, Celtas, Celts, Galicia, Political anthropology, Antropología política, Edad del Hierro, political anthropology, LaPa, Laboratory of Landscape Archaeology, classical ethnography, Etnografía antigua

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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