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handle: 10261/58915
[ES]En el Estado de Guanajuato (México) se producen anualmente 16.7 millones de toneladas de estiércol procedente de 70 millones de cabezas de bovino (Eb), porcino (Ep), ovino (Eo), caprino (Ec) y aves (Eg) y 4.3 millones de toneladas de residuos de maíz, sorgo, trigo y cebada (Rg), cuya reintegración al suelo agrícola a través de compostas constituye una medida ecológica para evitar la contaminación ambiental y practicar una agricultura sostenible. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las características del proceso de compostaje y del compost obtenido con distinas combinaciones de tipos de estiércol y residuos de cosecha provenientes de pequeñas fincas agropecuarias del Estado y establecer la combinación más conveniente. El estudio se realizó de noviembre de 2007 a abril de 2008 en el INIFAP de Celaya (Guanajuato, México). Los tratamientos estudiados fueron: I) Eb 53% + Rg 47%; 2) Eb 32% + Rg 68%; 3) Eb 67% + Rg 33%; 4) Rf 100%; 5) Eb 100%; 6) Eg 60% + Rg 40% y 7) Ec 60% + Rg 40%; las razones C/N iniciales fueron: 31, 21, 30, 28, 20, 28 y 28 respectivamente. La técnica consistió en molienda fina de los Rg, mezclado y humedecimiento de los ingredientes y volteos frecuentes de las pilas de compostaje sobre el suelo. Se midio temperatura y pH en la pila, humedad y rendimiento al tamizado; en el producto obtenido: C orgánico (Co), N total, N potencialmente mineralizable (Npm), K extractable y peso específico (Da). Los mayores contenidos de Nt, K y rendimiento se obtuvieron en los tratamientos 6 y 7, éstos prologaron la fase termofílica hasta 22 días; el más alto porcentaje de Co y Npm se alcanzó en el tratamiento 3; la CIC más elevada se logró en el tratamiento 5. Un compost maduro se obtuvo entre 29 y 35 días.
[EN]In the Guanajuato state 16.7 millions tons of agricultural wastes are annually produced, the origin of this waste is 70 millions of heads of ruminats, i. e., bovines, sheeps, and pigs, in addition to hens; 4.3 millions tons of cereal remains are also produced: maize, sorghum, wheat, and barley harvest remains, their restitution to crop lands through their composting is an ecology strategy to avoid contamination and to develop a sustainable agriculture, the objective of this work was to determine composting process and compost characteristics when the produced animal and vegetable wastes are combined in small farmings from this state and to establish suitable combination, this study was realized since november 2007 to april 2008 at INIFAP, located in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, seven treatments were tested, mixing different manures and agricultural residues. These residues were firstly submitted to fine grinding, after mixtured, the compost process was monitored: temperature and pH were registered in the composting pile; and weekly moisture and dry matter (dm) losses, directly determined in samples, in the product obtained were analyzed: total n (nt), organic c (co), bulk density (da), mineralizable potential n (npm), extractable k and cationic interchangeable capacity (cic), the highest content of nt and k nad smaller dm losses were obtained in treatments 6 and 7, these treatments prolonged the thermophilic phase up to 22 days; the highest co and npm were obtained in treatment 3; the highest cic proved in treatments 3; treatments 2 and 4 obtained the highest dm losses; mature compost was obtained between 29 to 35 days.
8 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas
Peer reviewed
Manures, Soil organic matter, Stubble residues, Composts, Healthy environment
Manures, Soil organic matter, Stubble residues, Composts, Healthy environment
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